What is Subnetwork?

IP networks can be divided into smaller subnetworks. Subnetting gives the network administrator the ability to use network addresses more efficiently, and a given network address can be broken up into many subnetworks. For example, 172.16.1.0, 172.16.2.0, 172.16.3.0, and 172.16.4.0 are all subnets within network 171.16.0.0. (All 0s in the host portion of an address specifies the entire network). A subnet address is created by using some of the bits from the host field to create the subnet field. The number of bits used varies, and is determined by the subnet mask. The diagram below shows how bits are borrowed from the host field to create the subnet address field.

IPv4 Addresses

IPv4 addresses are usually represented in dot-decimal notation, consisting of four decimal numbers, each ranging from 0 to 255, separated by dots, e.g., 172.16.254.1. Each part represents a group of 8 bits (an octet) of the address. In some cases of technical writing, IPv4 addresses may be presented in various hexadecimal, octal, or binary representations.

source: google

IPv6 Addresses

The intent of the new design was not to provide just a sufficient quantity of addresses, but also redesign routing in the Internet by allowing more efficient aggregation of subnetwork routing prefixes. This resulted in slower growth of routing tables in the routers. The smallest possible individual allocation is a subnet of 264 hosts, which is the square of the size of the entire IPv4 Internet. At these levels, actual address utilization ratios will be small on any IPv6 network segment. The new design also provides the opportunity to separate the addressing infrastructure of a network segment, i.e. the local administration of the segment's available space, from the addressing prefix used to route traffic to and from external networks. IPv6 has facilities that automatically change the routing prefix of entire networks, should the global connectivity or the routing policy change, without requiring internal redesign or manual renumbering.

There are some alternative ways that can be used to check your IPv4 and IPv6 or IP Location

source: google