Jalil Mammadguluzadeh

One of the most powerful representatives of the 20th century Azerbaijani literature is the great writer, publicist, thinker and public figure Jalil Mammadguluzadeh. The writer, who was called "Mirza Jalil" as a sign of sincerity among the people, was also the editor of the famous magazine "Molla Nasreddin", the head of the critical-realistic style and ideology of the Mollanesrade.
Jalil Mammadquluzadeh oglu was born in Nakhchivan, one of the ancient cultural centers of the East in 1869 in Mammadguluzadeh. His father, Mashadi Huseynqulu, was originally from Khoy, Azerbaijan, where he moved to Nakhchivan, where he worked as a mosque; and his father was a seller in the salt tank.

The writer's childhood passed in a religious environment in Nakhchivan. Later he remembered and wrote: "I saw the world as dark as I opened my eyes for the first time in my life. What I have heard for the first time in this darkness are: "Allahu Akbar". Little Caliph receives his first education in a mullah, he is fasting with the adults and praying. He was reading the Koran. The main textbook was the book of Sadinin "Gulistan".
Jalil, who studied Russian in the city school in 1879-1882, wanted to continue his education despite the financial difficulties of the family. To satisfy her parents, she even cries for several days. Having seen this, he sends the parent to every joke and sends him to the Gori Teachers' Seminary, one of the best educational environments of that time. The pedagogical collective of this seminar was D. Semyonov, N. Lomouri, A. Chernyayevski, M. S. Vadibeyov and A. Grigoryan who worked on the shoulder with prominent teachers such as Kipiani. There were also Azerbaijani intellectuals like Akhundzade. Together with the mother tongue and the history of religion, pedagogy, geography, nature lessons, literary evenings, scenes, and labor education have grown to a reputation as an educational institution.
The acquaintance of Young Jalil with world literature began in the years when he studied at the seminary and studied literature with him in the seminary. He studied classics like Fuzuli, Zakir, Seyid Azim, Shakespeare, Krilov, Pushkin, Gogol, Turgenev Tolstoy, Ushiiski Kamensky, Pestalotsi and others.
After completing the seminar, Jalil went to Shusha with a Nakhaglyan friend and stayed in them for a few days; friends meet and talk with Hurshidbanu Natavan. Jalil's first acquaintance with A.Hagverdiyev is this time. One of the Shusha intellectuals wrote in his "Tərcüman" newspaper that he describes his meeting with the seminary youth, saying "he is proud of his mind and his feelings, his thoughts and beliefs on progress."
Jalil teacher teaches 10 years in Uluxanli, Bashnorashen and Nehram villages of Nakhchivan. One of his colleagues says that he was "a source of light in the fullness and ignorance of the Nehr." Like other teachers, she has to spend a lot of time trying to bring her children to school.
Mirza Jalil also shows a great deal of hardship for that era: When he is a school principal in the river, he and his sons bring together eight girls. To encourage children, many of them take books, books, shoes and clothes.

As creator of the great writer, his creativity was also complex, multifaceted. He has made for some time a magnificent-creative search, with literature, inclined to the theater and the press, and served in the administrative work of Nakhchivan and Yerevan.
Only a few years ago, the son of a poor Nakhchivanli was in the age of nineties, with a profound intelligence of the people, a well-known patriotic figure. He later wrote: "If I went to work, I had to take one big piece of paper, and I would be scratching from the story, the story." So, in the early years of his youth, he had a great desire to write. The main secret was that he carefully observed the events of life, his social environment, the life of the people he encountered, his views, his conversation and his character.
He also knew that the writer was in need of great morale, craftsmanship, read, read, write and write.
Mirza Jalil, who has been studying with great Azerbaijani artists, great philosophers from the East and West, and the Azerbaijani classics, began to study this issue more seriously in the 80s and 90s.
Although the culture of the world is a factor that contributes to the formation and development of a young writer, in his opinion every national culture has its own value, its beauty. In contrast to the nationalistic nihilism of some of his contemporaries, that is to say, his lips have been raised to heaven, Mirzai Jalil and his colleagues, first and foremost, were classmates, their heritage, traditions, dear and valuable; world culture was needed to develop their native culture more successfully and to reach the global level. He saw clearly that his works were written, staged, and published in his homeland such as "Pehlivani-zamana", "Unforgettable youngster", "Nadir Shah", "The Bride's Alone" and "Traveling-Ibrahim bey". The literary value of the writers increases as the literate among the population grows, and the demands put forward by them. Especially true, the need for honest writers in the public is very high.

Another important factor connecting him with literature, art and media was the intellectual environment of Nakhchivan, in particular.

Arrival to Literature and Press. The first edition was published in "Kaspi" newspaper in Baku on March 2, 1902. In his article, journalist Mammadguluzade stated some of the important aspects of his ideological face, first of all, to the people. He pointed to the pain they suffered to get the fruitful gardens of the "hard-working people", the sweat plugs, and their "grooving, rude hands."
In the early years of the twentieth century, the rapid rise in the struggle for freedom, democracy, and cultural prosperity, as well as hundreds of thousands of people, writers and thinkers, was much more important than Mammadguluzadeh's idea of all time.

Time has drawn even more to his people. The simplest, hardworking man's feelings and thoughts, desires and troubles, today and tomorrow, in short, the fate of issues and problems, have become clearly the main line of his creativity. In this regard, the first story of the writer is the "Mailbox". The story, published in several languages, considered the most beautiful examples of the genre in the world literature, has made JMammadguluzade a friend and goodwoman of a simple Azerbaijani peasant.

The contents of the story, the structure is appealing, fresh. It is a fact that a number of scholars and readers consider the "Mailbox" to be a novelty because it is a masterpiece that has been developed excellently by an extraordinary ending.

Khan, who is a masterpiece, and his character are the village of Novruzali, which he intentionally called "the Doggapan" with satirical work. The life of this seemingly quiet, careless person, the lives of people, and their attitude to each other can be seen in the typical landscape of the village at that time. Here, as stated in a parable, "bay has a place of bay, peasant's peasant location". It is felt in people's speaking, intercourse, and attitude. Particularly, Novruzalin's karmbashar khan, "buying a bribe", "turning into a khan", "you are not my only one day! ...", "sacrifice to you", helps to open his character.

Novruzali is so savvy, he is so aware of the world that he does not know if he sends the letter to the mailbox, or he can stand guard box. In the meantime, the confrontation that began with the arrival of the Russian postman and the letters in the mailbox resulted in his arrest: "The poor Novruzali sat with several prisoners ... crying like a child, wiping his age with his finger."

Novruzali, who was released at the request of Khan, said: "Come back to me, khan, ... I'm a penny person, what do I know paper, what's box, what's the mail?" And the incident " These are all Gods. Whenever it is such a happening, "how much of a tiny piece of touches is touched with a believer's Muslim consciousness!

Novruzali is a conscientious, obedient, honest, believing in God and, i.a.

Among the most widely read and loved works of Mirza Jalil are Gurbanali bay, "Honor in Iran" (1907), "Lamb" (1914), "Zirrama" (1923), "Khan's rosary", "Consul's wife" "The Middleweight", "The Eastern Faculty" (1924), "It Was Maybe Returning" (1926), "Proletarian Poet" (1928) There are also stories. Each of these works reflects an important aspect of the author's outlook on those years.

The essence of these masterly stories can be summarized as follows: "In Iran," as seen in the name of the Iranian Revolution, which began in 1905, reflected among the southern workers in the Caucasus that "Master Zeynal" was a "purity" and " "The ridiculous results of his imaginations on the life, the satirical laughter of the Gurbanali bey, typhoon clerics, hares, lovers, and the flattering lifestyle and moral standards of morals.

The great Azerbaijani scholar, teacher and teacher, Firidun bey Köçarli, who for the first time evaluated Nasir Mammadguluzade in the press, wrote about the story of Master Zeynal in 1906, in which he described through the interesting plot that the religious prejudice had damaged Muslims; He writes with great sorrow and sorrow that Master Zeynals are lazy, "inactive, brutish and foolish."

In his literary and publicist publications, the writer gave intelligent advice to his blood brothers on the one hand, and on the other hand skillfully pointed to the "troubles" and needs of Russian Muslims. On the occasion of the "pestilence of the widow, the orphans and the poor in Tabriz", "What's going on in Iranians", "Where the Iranian workers go?", "Mohammed kings and idolaters" on the occasion of "the laws of the mujahideen in Tehran" feleton and articles. In the third of these works, the words, "Let's face you, my beautiful country!" Suggests that the great writer, along with the love of the homeland, also suffered homeland.

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