함께 풀어보는 논술/구술 면접 (11) - 2017년 고려대 수시 특별전형 국제인재 구술고사 해설 [인문계 03]

2017년 고려대 구술면접 문항 마지막입니다. 국제 계열 구술의 면접 문항인데, 영어면접입니다. 답안은 편의상 문어체로 작성하겠습니다.

Multinational corporations (MNCs) are private companies that conduct business (or have business interests) in more than one country. Their growth has been significant—in 1969 there were roughly 7,00 major MNCs in the world, but by 2010, the total rose to more than 70,00 with more than 90,00 foreign affiliates. There are many who believe that the MNC has grown more powerful than the nation-state, with some scholars saying that companies rather than states will be the leading actors in the world economy. MNCs are powerful because of the amount of money involved in their operations as well as their integral role in providing essential state services. Their financial power is demonstrated by the fact that MNCs account for about a tenth of the world’s Gross National Product (GNP) and about a third of total world exports. While there are many MNCs, the fact is that a relatively small number of “global corporations” (e.g., IBM, GM, Toyota) predominate. And the vast majority are in the developed world. 

1. What are the positive economic and social effects of MNCs in developing countries? 

[Tutor Cho's Answer]

These days a lot of developing countries are competing to induce the investment of multinational corporations. This is because they give a lot of benefits to the developing countries. The first positive effect of multinational corporations is that they provide jobs. Developing countries can raise their employment rate by inducing multinational corporations. Second, multinational corporations can stimulate the growth of the industries in developing countries. Domestic companies can develop by getting support from and competing with multinational corporations. Last but not least, MNCs can have a positive influence on the developing countries' cultures. The interaction among the people who work for MNCs can help those in developing countries to compare and cultivate their own cultures.

2. What are the negative economic and social effects of MNCs in developing countries? 

[Tutor Cho's Answer]

The overwhelming influence of MNCs on the economy and social factors may put the developing countries in subordinate positions to the developed countries. Developing countries can lose the opportunity to develop their own industries and be in a position just to follow the developed countries. Also, it may be the same to the cultures. The admiration for and imitation of the cultures of developed countries can prevent the developing countries to cultivate and develop their own cultures, which can bring a monotonous world lacking diversity.

3. What can be done to minimize the abuses and exploitations of MNCS in developing countries?

[Tutor Cho's Answer]

There need to be efforts to minimize the abuses of exploitation of MNCs. On the one hand, the developing countries should try to accept MNSs in consideration of the development and maintenance of their own economy and cultures. On the other hand, multinational corporations should make efforts to reduce the abuse and exploitation of their superior position in long term relations with their counterparts. In addition, the worldwide awareness and cooperation about this problem should be made. 

* 이상 비교적 단순하게 답안 작성을 해봤습니다. 부족한 부분에 대한 여러분들의 의견을 구합니다.