The distinction between subsistent and existent is complicated by the simple assimilation of stoicism into modern materialism. The word "subsistence" refers specifically to things that are needed to continue existing (such as food or oxygen, say), or to the continued existence that results from those things. It is closely related to living organisms, and to survival of a living organism.
The word "existence" is much more general: it can refer to inanimate objects, such as a pebble, and even to abstract concepts, such as democracy. It makes no sense to talk about the subsistence of a mountain or a philosophy, but you can talk about the existence of either of those things.
Stoics believe that the world is an issue, a principle of divine reality that permeates the world (pantheism). To a stoic, all things are material, and nothing is more material than materialism. Words, like God Himself, are material emotions, and all material emotions have physical manifestations.
When the Stoics speak of God and soul, they refer to a physical unity that identifies with rational principles that are anchored in the universe itself and enable human rationality. Logic and physics are closely linked in ethics, and stoicism is a naturalistic philosophy. Logic means the study of reason in the world, while physics means the study of the world.
Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium in Athens in the early 3rd century BC. It is a philosophy of personal ethics, marked by its system of logic and its vision of the natural world. According to his teachings, social well-being is a path to eudaimonia (happiness and bliss), which is found by accepting the moment for what it is in the present moment, not letting yourself be controlled by desires, joys, fears or pain, and by using your mind to understand the world around you as part of nature and to plan how to work and treat others.
It was written and practised by slaves, poets, emperors, politicians, soldiers and ordinary people to help them with their own problems and those of their friends, family and followers. It is available to all of us here. This is called stoicism or, in my opinion, practical philosophy. Here is a brief summary of stoicism: Stoicism was founded in the early 3rd century BC by Zeno of Citium in Athens and practiced by Epictetus, Cato, Seneca and Marcus Aurelius.
In their examples and actions we find true philosophy. We have access to these ideas due to the fact that many of the great Stoics never wrote for publication. Seneca's letters and those of Epictetus come to us through student notes. Marcus Aurelius never intended meditation to be personal.
At first, stoicism was a Socratic philosophy, but the label did not bother the Stoics themselves. Zeno began his studies with the Cynics and the Chests, and the cynicism had a strong influence on Stoicism up to the later writings of Epictetus. Zeno, however, counted among his teachers Polemo, the head of the Academy of Stilpo, a megaric school founded by Euclid of Megaria, a disciple of Socrates.
Stoicism is a school of thought that flourished in Greek and Roman antiquity. It is one of the most sublime and sublime philosophies of Western civilization. The Stoics urged participation in human affairs, believing that the purpose of the investigation was to establish a mode of conduct characterized by calm of mind, certainty, and moral value.
Stoics believe that the individual can make a difference. Successful activism and political maneuvers require understanding, strategy, realism, and hope. It requires wisdom, acceptance and refusal to accept the statue of the Quo. Countless other activists and politicians have turned to stoicism to arm themselves against the difficulties, to fight for the ideals that matter, and to guide them in correcting the worlds that do so much wrong.
The solution to evil and misfortune can be achieved by applying the Stoic philosophy, which consists in examining one's own judgments and attitudes in order to determine where they deviate from universal reason and nature. Unhappiness and evil are the result of ignorance when someone is unkind and unaware of his own universal reason. The Stoics teach that one must become a clear, unbiased and self-disciplined thinker who enables one to understand the Logos, the natural universal basis for all things.
Its grandeur of spirit, its emphasis on the essential value of the individual and the theme of universal brotherhood, benevolence and divine nature make it one of the most attractive philosophies. Moral value, duty, and justice are stoic, but a certain rigor of spirit is emphasized. A moral person must be compassionate and show compassion, which indicates that any deviation from these duties is unfortunate and a necessity of the ruling world.
In the Epicurian sense, the English adjective "stoic" should not be misled as to its philosophical origins. Stoicism was one of the new philosophical movements of the Hellenistic period. The name derives from the veranda of Stoa Poikile, an agora in Athens, decorated with murals and paintings in which members of the school gathered and where their lectures were held.
In modern English, the word "stoic" now means callousness, and emotions are often seen as a negative trait. The best-known stereotype of stoicism is the assertion that these are rational traces of emotion, similar to Mr. Spock in Star Trek. This is not the correct view, as stoicism is understood by specialists who point out that passion emanates from the stoic and that a wise man is considered "free" (whether we mean that emotions are defined as a group of states of mind that are by definition pathological or not). A wise man may be rational, but that does not deprive him of his emotional and emotional experiences. In an excellent introduction to stoicism by a leading academic scholar in the field, "Lessons in Stoicism," John Sellars makes the same point.
Stoicism is a philosophy of life that maximizes positive emotions, reduces negative emotions and helps individuals sharpen their virtues and character. Simply put, it should help people to live their best lives. In every moment, in every situation, in every phase of life, stoicism offers a framework for living authentically.
For those of us who live our lives in the real world, there is a branch of philosophy that has created us: stoicism. It is a philosophy designed to make us more resilient, happier, more virtuous and wiser, leading to better people, better parents and better professionals.
Don't forget to tell us your opinion in the comments below. Let's start by learning a little about stoicism. Stoicism is a philosophical school that dates back to ancient Greece and Rome at the beginning of the 3rd century BC. Since then, stoicism has experienced a renaissance among entrepreneurs, sportsmen, and politicians.
Chrysippus, in particular, was convinced that bivalence was a law that excluded the middle and applied only to accidental statements about a certain future event or condition. Other developments in logic were interesting in themselves, but the stoic treatment of certain problems of modality and bivalence had a significant effect on stoicism as a whole.