DIADA CASTELLERA
Un Castell es una torre de varios pisos formada por personas, los "castellers", y que se vienen construyendo tradicionalmente en el sur de Cataluรฑa (Valls y el Camp de Tarragona) desde hace mรกs de doscientos aรฑos. Mรกs tarde se extendieron al Penedรจs y durante el s. XX al resto de Cataluรฑa, Baleares y Rosellรณn, convirtiรฉndose en un sรญmbolo de identidad catalana. El 16 de noviembre de 2010 "els castells" fueron declarados Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad por la Unesco.
Su estructura estรก formada de tres partes fundamentales: la "pinya", el "tronc" y el "pom de dalt".
La "Pinya" es la base del castell, donde estan los "baixos" (bajos, el primer piso) mรกs el grupo de personas que dan soporte al resto de "castellers" que van en los pisos superiores, formando una estructura sรณlida y compacta.
El "Tronc" es la parte visible del castell. Incluye desde el piso que hay encima de los bajos hasta el piso inmediatamente anterior a los "dosos". Incluye los "segons" (segundos), que es el primer piso visible, los "terรงos" (tercios), el piso que va encima de los "segons", los "quarts" (cuartos), que van encima de los "terรงos", y asรญ sucesivamente hasta llegar al "pom de dalt".
construcciรณn de 3 de 9 amb folre, Capgrossos de Matarรณ
El "Pom de dalt" son los tres รบltimos pisos del castell y siempre tiene la misma composiciรณn, independientemente del nรบmero de pilares o de la altura que lo formen. Hay un piso formado por dos "castellers", los llamados "dosos", otro piso formado por el "acotxador" o "aixecador", que suele ser el mรกs pequeรฑo de la colla para facilitar el trabajo del "anxaneta", y que se coloca agachado con un pie en cada uno de los "dosos" y agarrado a los brazos de รฉstos. El "anxaneta" es el รบltimo piso, el que corona el castell, pasa por encima del "acotxador" y levanta el brazo haciendo la "aleta". Hasta ese momento no se considera el castell cargado. El "anxeneta" debe subir por un lado del castell y bajar por el otro.
pilar de 7 amb folre, Castellers de Vilafranca
En los castells de mayor dificultad es necesario reforzar la "pinya" con otras estructuras humanas en los pisos inmediatamente superiores.
El "folre" se sitรบa sobre la "pinya" (ahora llamada "soca"), y ayuda a sujetar a los "terรงos". Tiene casi la misma estructura que la "pinya", pero estรก formada por un nรบmero menor de "castellers".
Las "manilles" serรญan una tercera "pinya" situada encima del "folre", a nivel de los "terรงos", que ayudarรญa a fijar a los "quarts".
Los "puntals" serรญan una cuarta "pinya", ubicada encima de las "manilles".
Fuentes:
ca.wikipedia.org
es.wikipedia.org
www.enciclopedia.cat
ENGLISH VERSION----> poor languaje, full of photos!!!!!
A Castell is a multi-storey tower formed by people, the "castellers", and which has been traditionally built in the south of Catalonia for more than two hundred years. Later they were extended to the Penedรจs and during the s. XX to the rest of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and Roussillon, becoming a symbol of Catalan identity. On November 16, 2010 "the castells" were declared Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by Unesco.
Its structure is formed by three fundamental parts: the "pinya", the "tronc" and the "pom de dalt".
The "Pinya" is the base of the castell, where are the "baixos" (the low, the first floor) and the group of people that support the rest of "castellers" that go on the upper floors, forming a solid and compact structure.
building the "torre de 9 amb folre i manilles" by Capgrossos de Matarรณ
The "Tronc" is the visible part of the castle. Includes from the floor above the ground floor to the floor immediately before the "dosos". It includes the "seconds" (seconds), which is the first floor visible, the "thirds", the floor that overlaps the "rooms", the rooms, which go over the "thirds" ", and so on until you reach the" pom de dalt ".
The "Pom de Dalt" is the last three floors of the castle and always has the same composition, regardless of the number of pillars or height that form it. There is a floor formed by two "castellers", the so-called "dosos", another floor formed by the "acotxador" or "aixecador", which is usually the smallest of the colla to facilitate the work of the "anxaneta", and which is places crouched with a cake in each of the dosos and grabbed with the arms of these. The "anxaneta" is the last floor, the one that crowns the castell, passes over the "acotxador" and raises the arm doing the "fin". Until that moment the castell is not considered loaded. The "anxeneta" must climb up one side of the castle and down the other.
In the castells of greater difficulty it is necessary to reinforce the "pinya" with other human structures in the immediately superior floors.
The "folre" is on the "pinya" (now called "soca"), and helps hold the "terรงos". It has almost the same structure as the "pinya", but is made up of a smaller number of "castellers".
The "manilles" are a third "pinya" above the "folre", at the level of "thirds", which would help to set the "quarts".
The "puntals" are a fourth "pinya", above the "manilles".
4 de 9 amb folre, by Castellers de Vilafranca
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