Can you get cancer if you get HPV?
HPV human papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of small, non enveloped double stranded DNA viruses. HPV can be divided into high-risk type (carcinogenic type) and low-risk type (non carcinogenic type).
High risk HPV is closely related to human tumors, and is closely related to the whole process of tumor initiation, occurrence, development and malignant phenotype. Almost all cervical cancers (99.7%) are caused by HPV infection. HPV16 and HPV18 subtypes are the most closely related to the occurrence of malignant tumors, leading to more than 70% of cervical cancer, 80% of anal cancer, 60% of vaginal cancer and 40% of vulvar cancer. Hpv45 and HPV31 contracted 5% and 10% of cervical cancer, respectively.
HPV 6 and 11 are associated with 90% of genital warts and 96% of condyloma acuminatum.
The infection rate of HPV in sexually active women accounts for 50% - 80%. There are no symptoms after HPV infection. Most HPV infections are transient and the risk of progression is low. Most HPV clearance takes time, about 50% of people may turn negative within half a year, while the remaining 20% - 30% may take 2-3 years to become normal.
However, it usually takes 10-20 years to develop from chronic persistent high-risk HPV infection to malignant tumor, but a few cases can progress to malignant tumor within 1-2 years.
How does HPV infection affect pregnancy?
The influence of HPV on fertilization: most studies believe that HPV infection will not affect fertilization, and HPV infection in women will not increase the difficulty of pregnancy. Some studies also believe that the pregnancy rate of HPV positive sperm is only 1 / 4 of that of negative sperm. When men were infected, the live birth / pregnancy rate decreased and the abortion rate increased. Due to the limited data, further verification is needed.
Effects of HPV infection on the mother: different studies have found that pregnancy does not cause progression of HPV or LSIL (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion).
The impact of HPV infection on pregnancy outcome: first, genital tract infection. HPV infection itself has no obvious correlation with preterm premature rupture of membranes. HPV infection is a sexually transmitted disease, which is easy to be combined with other lower genital tract infections, such as bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, Chlamydia trachomatis, etc. these lower genital tract infections are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, so HPV positive cases are combined Infection, easy to cause premature rupture of membranes.
The influence of low-risk HPV infection on newborns: low-risk subtype HPV infection (6, 11) can be transmitted to the infant through the birth canal, which can cause laryngeal papilloma of the newborn. There may be no clinical symptoms in the early stage of the baby. With the enlargement of the laryngeal papilloma, respiratory symptoms will appear. If the lesions are extensive, it can cause severe dyspnea and death; it can also cause soft birth canal during vaginal trial delivery However, studies have shown that this probability is small, so HPV infection has little impact on pregnancy outcome and newborn. Persistent HPV infection is rare in newborns. HPV infection can turn negative naturally after 6 months of birth.
HPV infection is not the absolute contraindication of pregnancy
HPV positive is not an absolute contraindication of pregnancy, but it does not exclude the risk of premature rupture of membranes, abortion, premature delivery, pregnancy induced hypertension, and neonatal infection. However, cervical lesions, especially high-grade and above lesions, should be treated first. However, cervical treatment caused by cervical lesions may reduce the fertility of women, and may induce abortion, premature birth and other adverse pregnancy outcomes.
China's guidelines for pre pregnancy care require that pre pregnancy care (3 months before pregnancy) should include cervical smear cytology. Cervical cytology screening and HPV detection before pregnancy can prevent, detect and treat cervical cancer in time, and avoid pregnancy termination due to cervical cancer detection during pregnancy. If there is no cervical cancer screening within one year before pregnancy, early pregnancy screening is also very important, and relevant examination can be conducted within 3 months of pregnancy.
Women with pregnancy intention should do cervical high-risk HPV typing test and liquid-based cytology examination as early as possible. If the test results are positive, colposcopy is recommended; if suspicious lesions are found by colposcopy, cervical biopsy is given; if cervical cancer or precancerous lesions are found, fertility should be considered after cervical lesions are cured.
As a primary prevention of cervical cancer, HPV vaccine has been adopted in many countries. However, for women with HPV infection, HPV vaccine has no therapeutic effect and has no protective effect on reinfection / damage after treatment. Therefore, vaccination before pregnancy is not recommended to prevent mother to child transmission. However, HPV vaccine can reduce the risk of HPV infection in semen, so it can improve the success rate of assisted reproductive technology (Art).