The shard chain is expected to start in 2023. However, Sharding is a multi-phase upgrade to improve Ethereum's scalability and capacity. Shard Chain enables Level-2 solutions to offer lower transaction fees while improving network performance.
Sharding is a process that allows small sets of nodes to process transactions in parallel across the entire network without the need for a consensus. Ethereum 2.0 promises to bring transaction speeds to 100,000 transactions per second (TPS) by installing shard chains, as opposed to the current 30 TPS.
The transfer of Ethereum to PoS has created a heated debate in the crypto community. While some of the advantages of the results, including scalability and durability due to more energy-efficient systems, are obvious, many fear that decentralization could put them at risk.