What are Zinc-finger antiviral proteins (ZAP)?

"Zinc-finger antiviral proteins (ZAP) are produced by both human and animal cells to stop the spread of viruses by targeting viral mRNA, which can lead to innate immune mechanisms against infections."

"the full functionality of zinc-finger antiviral proteins is not known."
https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-are-Zinc-Finger-Antiviral-Proteins-(ZAP).aspx

"Zinc finger CCCH-type antiviral protein 1 (ZC3HAV1) is a host antiviral factor that can repress translation and promote degradation of specific viral mRNAs."
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01912/full

"Here, we show that zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP), which preferentially targets CpG dinucleotides in viral RNA sequences, restricts SARS-CoV-2."
https://mbio.asm.org/content/11/5/e01930-20

"Zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) protects cells from infection by diverse RNA viruses through its ability to specifically detect and deplete viral RNAs that have a greater frequency of CG dinucleotides than host messenger RNAs."
https://www.pnas.org/content/116/48/24303

"The zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP), as a host restriction factor, inhibits the replication of certain viruses by binding viral mRNA or proteins for degradation. However, little is known about the role of ZAP in the antiviral immune response. We now show that ZAP participates in the antiviral immune response by activating T cells"
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31945209/

"Infection of animal cells by numerous viruses is detected and countered by a variety of means, including recognition of nonself nucleic acids. The zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) depletes cytoplasmic RNA that is recognized as foreign in mammalian cells"
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31719195/

"Increasing the intracellular Zn(2+) concentration with zinc-ionophores like pyrithione (PT) can efficiently impair the replication of a variety of RNA viruses"
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21079686/

"Zinc inhibited RNA polymerase activity of a number of viruses"
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02347/full

"Zinc finger transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that regulate transcription. The DNA binding domain is formed by a zinc finger, which co-ordinates zinc ions via combinations of cysteine and histidine residues."
https://flybase.org/reports/FBgg0000729.html

"Our cells, on the other hand, often use a zinc atom to take a short cut. By arranging two cysteines and two histidines close to each other in a chain, a protein can grab a zinc ion and fold tightly around it. In these proteins, termed zinc fingers, a short chain of 20-30 amino acids is enough to create a solid, stable structure. Zinc fingers are so useful that they are found in thousands of our proteins, and are common in all plants and animals. Surprisingly, however, bacteria do not appear to take advantage of these little structures."
https://pdb101.rcsb.org/motm/87

Engineered zinc-finger transcription factors inhibit the replication and transcription of HBV in vitro and in vivo
https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3396