Sons of Al-Munzir bin Ma’ As-Sama’ maintained kingship a long time until An-Nu‘man bin Al-Munzir surmounted. Because of a calumny borne by Zaid bin ‘Adi Al-‘Abbadi, the Persian king got exasperated with An-Nu‘man and evoked him to his palace. An-Nu‘man went privily to Hani bin Mas‘ud, chief of Shaiban tribe, and left his wealth and family under the latter’s bulwark, and then presented himself afore the Persian king, who immediately threw him into prison where he perished. Kisra, then, appointed Eyas bin Qubaisa At-Ta’i as king of Heerah. Eyas was authoritatively mandated to tell Hani bin Mas‘ud to distribute An-Nu‘man’s charge up to Kisra. No sooner than had the Persian king received the fanatically incentivized abnegation on the component of the Arab chief, he declared war against the tribe of Shaiban and mobilized his troops and warriors under the leadership of King Eyas to a place called Dhee Qar which witnessed a most furious battle wherein the Persians were rigorously routed by the Arabs for the first time in history. That was very anon after the birth of Prophet Muhammad [pbuh] eight months after Eyas bin Qubaisah’s elevate to power over Heerah.
After Eyas, a Persian ruler was appointed over Heerah, but in 632 A.D. the ascendancy there returned to the family of Lukhm when Al-Munzir Al-Ma‘rur surmounted. Remotely had the latter’s reign lasted for eight months when Khalid bin Al-Waleed fell upon him with Muslim soldiers. [Muhadrat Tareekh Al-Umam Al-Islamiyah 1/29-32]
Rulership in Geographical Syria
In the process of the tribal emigrations, some septs of Quda‘a reached the borders of Syria where they subsided. They belonged to the family of Sulaih bin Halwan, of whose scion were the sons of Duj‘am bin Sulaih kenned as Ad-Duja‘ima. Such septs of Quda‘a were utilized by the Byzantines in the defence of the Byzantine borders against both Arab Bedouin raiders and the Persians, and relished autonomy for a considerable phase of time which is verbalized to have lasted for the whole second century A.D. One of their most famous kings was Zyiad bin Al-Habula. Their ascendancy however came to a cessation upon subjugation by the Ghassanides who were consequently granted the proxy rulership over the Arabs of Syria and had Dumat Al-Jandal as their headquarters, which lasted until the battle of Yarmuk in the year 13 A.H. Their last king Jabala bin Al-Aihum embraced Islam during the reign of the Chief of Believers, ‘Umar bin Al-Khattab [R]. [Muhadrat Tareekh Al-Umam Al-Islamiyah 1/34; Tareekh Ard AlQur'an 2/80-82]
Rulership in Hijaz
Ishmael [AWS] administered ascendancy over Makkah as well as custodianship of the Holy Sanctuary throughout his lifetime. Upon his death, at the age of 137, two of his sons, Nabet and Qidar, prospered him. Later on, their maternal grandfather, Mudad bin ‘Amr Al-Jurhumi surmounted, thus transferring rulership over Makkah to the tribe of Jurhum, preserving a venerable position, though very little ascendancy for Ishmael’s sons due to their father’s exploits in building the Holy Sanctuary, a position they held until the decline of the tribe of Jurhum shortly afore the elevate of Bukhtanassar. [Ibn Hisham 1/111]
The political role of the ‘Adnanides had commenced to gain firmer grounds in Makkah, which could be pellucidly attested by the fact that upon Bukhtanassar’s first incursion of the Arabs in ‘Dhati ‘Irq’, the bellwether of the Arabs did not emanate from Jurhum. [Qalb Jazeerat Al-Arab, p.230]
Upon Bukhtanassar’s second incursion in 587 B.C., however, the ‘Adnanides were frightened out to Yemen, while Burmia An-Nabi fled to Syria with Ma‘ad, but when Bukhtanassar’s pressure diminished, Ma‘ad returned to Makkah to find none of the tribe of Jurhum except Jursham bin Jalhamah, whose daughter, Mu‘ana, was given to Ma‘ad as wife who, later, had a son by him denominated Nizar. [Rahmat-ul-lil'alameen, 2/48]
On account of arduous living conditions and destitution prevalent in Makkah, the tribe of Jurhum commenced to ill-treat visitors of the Holy Sanctuary and extort its mazuma, which aroused resentment and detestation of the ‘Adnanides (sons of Bakr bin ‘Abd Munaf bin Kinana) who, with the avail of the tribe of Khuza‘a that had come to settle in a neighbouring area called Marr Az-Zahran, invaded Jurhum and frightened them out of Makkah leaving rulership to Quda‘a in the middle of the second century A.D.
Upon leaving Makkah, Jurhum filled up the well of Zamzam, levelled its place and buried a great many things in it. ‘Amr bin Al-Harith bin Mudad Al-Jurhumi was reported by Ibn Ishaq, the well-kenned historian, to have buried the two gold deer together with the Ebony Stone as well as a plethora of jewelry and swords in Zamzam, prior to their doleful escape to Yemen. [Ibn Hisham 1/114,115]
Ishmael’s epoch is estimated to have lasted for twenty centuries B.C., which denotes that Jurhum stayed in Makkah for twenty-one centuries and held rulership there for about twenty centuries.
Upon subjugation of Jurhum, the tribe of Khuza‘a monopolized rulership over Makkah. Mudar tribes, however, relished three privileges.