Getting salt out of water is the mission, but all methods of purification re on the table. So what are the options?
So much water, so little time
Coagulation and flocculation takes out large floaties using metal flakes.
Sedimentation for waits for floaties to sink.
Filtration through a medium like sand, clay, stones or carbon is possible.
Membrane filtration/Reverse osmosis through a medium like plastic or cotton.
Removal of ions and other dissolved substances using electric currents.
Disinfection using chemicals, UV light or boiling.
Bioremediation/oxidation uses living creatures to do the cleaning.
Distillation via steam.
Flouride will be discussed much later, but is on the radar.
Wikipedia sez:
Desalination – is a process by which saline water (generally sea water) is converted to fresh water. The most common desalination processes are distillation and reverse osmosis. Desalination is currently expensive compared to most alternative sources of water, and only a very small fraction of total human use is satisfied by desalination.
This is the lynch pin of this design endeavor. It is possible to desalinate more water. Wikipedia sez so.
If there are any other methods of purification unlisted in this post. Please leave a comment describing the missing method.
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Coagulation Methods w/ Saltwater & Other Dumb Ideas