The term microphone comes from the transliteration of the English word microphone
Indeed, if the source is traced back, the history of the microphone can be traced back to the late 19th century. Scientists such as Alexander Graham Bell are committed to finding better ways to pick up sound for improving the latest invention at that time - the telephone. Therefore, the most common microphone should be the pickup on the phone, which we use every day.
In order to apply the microphone to more occasions, people have invented microphones with better pickup effect.
Late 19th century Liquid microphone and carbon particle microphone ——Alexander Graham Bell
1876 Carbon electrode microphone ——Emil Berliner
1923 ribbon microphone ——Walter Schottky
1925 Condenser microphone ——Henry Harrison、E.C.Wente
1960 Dynamic Microphone
No matter what kind of microphone, it is actually a device in the process of converting kinetic energy into electrical energy - sound acts on the microphone diaphragm and converts it into electrical signals.
In addition to omnidirectional and cardioid directional microphones, they can also be classified according to the principle of omnidirectional and cardioid directional microphones;
According to electrical signal transmission, it can be divided into wired microphone and wireless microphone;
According to the shape, it can be divided into: handheld, Bodypack, gooseneck, interface, gun, etc;
It can be divided into: singing microphone, recording microphone, conference microphone, broadcast camera microphone, KTV microphone, live broadcast microphone, etc.
We usually classify the singing microphone, recording microphone, conference microphone, broadcast camera microphone, etc. as professional microphones, and the general civil consumption level is classified as ordinary microphones.
Professional microphones are different from ordinary microphones in terms of technical parameters in addition to the use occasions.
Microphone directivity is an important parameter that determines the gain architecture of the overall electroacoustic system. A good microphone directivity can effectively enhance speech and eliminate high-frequency whistling points. Professional microphones will have specific directivity indicators for users' reference. Ordinary microphones will generally be made into full directivity to facilitate the application of consumer customers;
Frequency response: the audible sound of human ears is 20-20kmhz, so the overall frequency response of professional microphones is generally wide, while the frequency response of ordinary microphones is slightly narrow. Some will change the frequency response curve of high frequency in order to avoid high-frequency whistling points;
The acceptable sound pressure level of the microphone is also called the maximum input sound pressure level. As a professional singing microphone, the maximum input sound pressure level is generally about 120-140db, because professional singers have a large sound pressure after breath training. If it is an ordinary microphone, it is easy to form a burst.
Of course, in addition to the above parameters, professional microphones and ordinary microphones have certain differences in many acoustic indicators. It's not that ordinary microphones are poor, but they have different purposes and different application scenario