Ancient Egyptian civilization is one of the most famous and ancient civilizations in the world, which began in 3150 B. C. and lasted until 332 B. C. , and its king Menes united the kingdoms of Egypt in the north and south and established one capital of them, and this civilization achieved great social, cultural and political developments that made it one of the most advanced ancient civilizations, in which the ancient Egyptians developed building and architecture techniques that enabled them to build landmarks that remained a witness to the tremendous development that was in that civilization, and examples of it. Building pyramids, temples and royal tombs, it is worth noting that the Egyptian pyramids are one of the seven great wonders of the world. Its achievements included mathematics, medicine, agriculture and irrigation systems, and left new forms of literature, leaving this civilization with a great legacy that has been witnessed to this day. [1] Sumerian civilization is the first civilization in Mesopotamia, which showed all the characteristics necessary to be a separate civilization in itself, it was one of the first stable societies in the world alongside both ancient Egypt and the Indus Valley civilization. Its development has emerged in several areas of the development of the
