China is at least 30 years away from becoming a manufacturing nation of "great power", a government advisor told party delegates on Sunday.
Many observers already see China as the "world's factory" given that more than a third of global output from cars to phones comes from there.
But China's leaders are concerned about its heavy dependence on the US for high-tech products like semiconductors.
"Basic capabilities are still weak" Miao Wei warned on Sunday.
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"Core technologies are in the hands of others" and China runs the risk of "being hit in the throat" warned Mr Miao, who was Minister of Industry and Information Technology for a decade.
He is now a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), the top advisory body to the government.
Although China still produces a significant amount of consumer and industrial products, its manufacturing output as a share of its economy has declined.
Last year, manufacturing accounted for slightly over a quarter of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the lowest level since 2012.
"The ratio of manufacturing output to GDP has been declining too early and too quickly" Mr Miao said in a speech to CPPCC delegates at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.
"China's manufacturing industry has made great achievements in recent years, but the situation of being big but not strong and comprehensive but not good has not been fundamentally changed," Mr Miao added.
Tech battle
China also laid out its draft economic plan for the next five years. It wants to speed up the development of advanced technologies from chips to artificial intelligence.
The initiatives follow repeated blocks on China's access to US technology under the Trump administration. Chinese companies such as Huawei have been cut off from buying critical components.
Establishing its own world-class domestic chip makers has become a top priority for Chinese leaders.
Its five-year plan targets seven strategic areas considered essential to national security and includes AI, quantum computing, neuroscience and aerospace.
The blueprint reiterates China's desire to increase competitiveness in aircraft development, robotics and new-energy vehicles.
China has overtaken the US as the world's top destination for new foreign direct investment, according to UN figures released on Sunday.
New investments into America from overseas companies fell by almost half last year, leading to the loss of its number one status.
In contrast, UN figures show direct investment into Chinese firms climbed 4%, putting it number one globally.
The top ranking shows China's growing influence on the world economic stage.
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China had $163bn (£119bn) in inflows last year, compared to $134bn attracted by the US, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) said in its report
In 2019, the US received $251bn in new foreign direct investment while China received $140bn.
While China may be number one for new foreign investment, the US still dominates when it comes to total foreign investments.
This reflects the decades it has spent as the most attractive location for foreign businesses looking to expand overseas.
But experts say the figures underline China's move toward the centre of the global economy which has long been dominated by the US, the world's biggest economy.
China, currently involved in a trade war with the US, has been predicted to leapfrog it to the number one position by 2028, according to the UK-based Centre for Economics and Business Research (CEBR).