yoga ke anek bhed, uske aath our chah ango ka vivechan - yam, niyam,aasan, pranayam,dasvidh prano ko jitne ki mahima,prtyahar,dhrana,dhyan our smadhi ka nirupan [shivpuran - vayaviyashita]

shri krishna ne kaha - bhagwan ! mai aapse adhikar,anga,vidhi our prayojan shit param durlabha yog ka varnan sunana chahta hu. yadi yog aadi ka abyash karne se pahle hi mrtyou ho jaye to manushya atmaghati hota hai, atha aap yog ka asha koi sadhan bataiye jise shighra siddha kiya ja sake jisse manushya ko atmaghati n hona pade,yog ka vaha anusthan,karan,uske liye upuket samya, sadhan tatha uske bhedo ka tartamya kya hai ?

upmanyou bole - shri krishna ! tum prsno ke tartamya ke gyata ho tumhara yaha prasn bahut hi uchit hai, atha mai ab sab bato par krmshah prakasha daluga tum akagrachitt hoka suno, jiski dusri vrittiyo ka nirodh ho gaya ho ashe chitt ki bhagwan shiv mai nischal vritti hai,ushi ko sankshep me yog kaha gaya hai yaha yog panch prakar ka hai - mantrayog, sprashyog, bhavyog, abhavyog,our mahayog.

mantrajap ke abhyasvas mantra ke vachyaarth me sthiti hui vikshaprahit jo man ki vritti uska naam mantrayog hai. man ki vahi vritti jab pranayam ko pradhanata de to uska naam sprshyog hota hai,vahi sprshyog jab mantr ke sprsha se rahit ho to bhavtyog hota hai jisse sampuran viswa ke rup matra ka avyav vilin tirohit ho jata hai ushe abhavyog kaha jata hai. kyo ki us samya sadvastu ka bhi gyan bhi nahi hota hai, jisse ak matra upadhisunya shiv swabhav ka chintan kiya jata hai our man ki vritti shivmaye ho jati hai ushe mahayog kahate hai.dekhe our sune lookik our parlookik vishyo ke or se jiska man virakat ho gaya ho ushi ka yog me adhikar hai dusre kisi ka nahi lookik our parlookik dono vishyo ke doso ka our ishwer ke guno ka sada hi darshan karne se man virket hota hai. sabhi yog atha ya cha ango se youket hote hai. -- yam, niyam, swastik, aadi aasan,pranayam, pratyahar, dharana, dhayan our damadhi - ye vidwano ne yog ke atha anga bataye hai. aasan, pranayam, prtyahar, dharna, dhyan our smadhi -- ye thode me yog ke chah lakshan hai, shiv sastra me eske prathak prathak lakshan bataye gaye hai . anya shivgamo me viseshataha, kamik aadi me,yog sastra me, purano me me bhi enke lakshno ka varnan hai, ahinsha, satya, astyeya, brhamchrya our aprigraha - inhe satpursho ne yam kaha hai is prakar yam panch avyavo ke yog se yukat hai -shoch, santosh, tap, jap, our pranidhan in panch bhedo se youkat dusre yogaang ko niyam kaha gaya hai - jo panch prakar ka hai. aasan ke atha bhese kahe gaye hai - swastikaasan, padmaasan, ardhachandraasan, veerasan, yogasan,prsadhitasan,pryankasan.

pranayam -- apne sarir se prkat hui vayou ko pran khte hai,ushe
rokna hi aayam hai, us pranayam ke teen bhed kahe gaye hai 1 - rechak, 2 - kumbhak, our purak,

nasika ke ak chidra ko davakardusre chidra udar se vayou ko bahar nikaleis kriya ko rechak kaha gaya hai fir dusre chidra dwara vayou se sarir ko dhookni ke bhati bhar le eshme vayou ki puran kriya hone ke karan esko purak kaha gaya hai, jab sadhak bhitar ki vayou ko n chodata hai n bahar ki vayou ko grahan karta hai keval ghde ke bhati avichal bhav se sthir rahta hai to us pranayam ko kumbhak kaha gaya hai, yog ke sadhak ko kaha gaya hai ve n to pranayam ko zaldi zaldi kare our n hi bahout der se kare sadhna ke liye uddhat ho kramyog se uska abhayasha kare.
rechak aadi me nadisodhanpurvak jo pranayam ka abhyasha karta hai ushe swecha se utkramanpryant karte rahna chahiye - yaha baat yog sastra me batai gayi hai uttam pranayam se sarir me swed our kamp hota hai.

yogi ke ander aanandjanit romanch,netro se asrupat,jalp, bhranti,murcha aadi bhav prakat hote hai, pranayam ke do bhed hote hai 1 -- agrbha, 2-- sagrabha,
agrbha se sagarbha soo guna fal deta hai.

pranvijya se hisarir ki vayouo pe vijya paye jati hai -----praan, apan, saman, udan, vyan, naag, kuram, krakal, devdatt, dhananjya ye das pranvayou hai.
pran pryan karta hai isliye ese pran kahte hai jo kuch bhojan kiya use jo vayou niche le jati hai use apan kahte hai,jo vayou sampuran ango ko badhati hui usme vyapat rahiti hai uska naam vyan hai, jo vayou marm sthano ko udwejit karti hai usko udan kahate hai,jo vayou sab ango ko sambhavo se le chlti hai bo apne samanroop karm se saman kahlati hai,mukh se kuch uglne me vayou ko naag kaha jata hai, aakha kholne me kuram vayou hai,cheenk me krkal,our jamahai me devdett, our dhananjya namak vayou sare sarir me vyapat hai,vaha mratak vyakati ko bhi nahi chodti hai,kram se jab abhyash me laya hua yah pranayam jab uchit matra ya praman se youkat ho jata hai tab yaha karta ke sare doso ko dagdha kar deta hai our uske sarir ki rakska karta hai.

prano par vijya pane wale ki vistha, mutra, our kugh ki matra ghtne lagti hai, bhojan karne ki eksha hoti hai,vilamb se saas chlti hai,sarir halka ho jata hai shighra chlne ki shakti prakat hoti hai,hirdya me utashah badhta hai,vani me mithasha hota hai,samast rogo ka naas ho jata hai, bal, tej, our sondrya ki bridhi hoti hai,ghrti, megha, youvapan, utashah, prasananta aati hai, sthirta aati hai,---tap, gyan, dan, vrat,sare sadhan pranayam ke solhave bhag ke brabar bhi nahi hai,apne apne visya se aashakat hui indryo ko vaha se hatakar jo apne bhitar nigrahit karta hi us sadhan ko pratyahar kahte hai, man our manushya ko swarag our narak me le jane wali hoti hai, yadi use vas me rakha jaye to swarag ki prapti karati hai our use vishyo kior khula chod diya jaye to ve narak me dalne wali hoti hai , isliye sukha ki eksha rakhnewale budhiman purash ko chahiye ki vo ghyan or veragya ka aashrya le our swyam ki atma ka uddhar kare.

chitt ko kisi sthan vishesha me sthir karna ---dharana hai,ak matra shiv sthan hai dusra nahi,man dharna se sthir hota hai, dharana se hi siddhi hoti hai, ye hi athravved ki shruti ka antim nirnya hai,dhyan ke do pryojan hai--1--moksha, our 2--siddhiyo ki upalbadhi. dhyan, dhyata, dhyey our dhyan ka pryojan --in chro ko jankar yog ka abhyas kare.
sadhak ko chahiye ki vaha jap se thakne par dhyan kare our dhyan se thak jane par jap kare,esse yog siddh ho jata hai.samadhi yog ka antim anga hai ,shiv me leen chitt huye manushya ko samadhistha kaha jata hai samadhi me manushya yogi ban jata hai,es prakar yog ka abyasha karne wale yogi ke sare antarya nast ho jate hai.