The prophetic activity of Haggai begins during the government of King Darius, king of the Persians and Medes, after the exile of Babylon.
The Persian government had shown great mercy and tolerance towards all religious minorities and Zerubbabel, a Jewish leader, was appointed as governor of Judah, many of the descendants of those deported to Babylon by King Nebuchadnezzar had begun the return to the promised land, and despite the hostility of the Samaritans, who were people brought by the Assyrians, they had begun the rebuilding of the holy city of Jerusalem.
Just as the prophetic action like that of Isaiah, had consisted of consolation and hope during exile, the action of Haggai and Zechariah as prophets was focused on the fulfillment of the divine promises through the construction of the second temple.
The prophet Haggai receives in an oracle the discontent of the Lord for the indecision of the people to rebuild the second temple, the people devoted to the Lord had been selfish, and while they lived in comfortable houses, the house of the Lord was still in ruins:
"´You expected much, but see, it turned out to be little. What you brought home, I blew away. Why?´ declares the LORD Almighty. ´Because of my house, which remains a ruin, while each of you is busy with your own house. Therefore, because of you the heavens have withheld their dew and the earth its crops´" Haggai 1:9-10.
For the prophet Haggai, the rebuilding of the holy temple has a special meaning, the second temple is related to the messianic promises and the presence of the spirit of God among his people:
"Be strong, all you people still left in the land. And now get to work, for I am with you, says the LORD of Heaven's Armies. My Spirit remains among you, just as I promised when you came out of Egypt. So do not be afraid" Haggai 2:4-5.
Haggai's oracle ends with God's blessing, and with the prophecy, that with God's house completed the faithful people would find peace.
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