On October 10, 2017, the National Palace Museum announced that from the same day, the whole network of ticket sales will enter the formal implementation stage from trial to trial.
The Palace Museum is a comprehensive museum in China built on the foundation of the Ming and Qing imperial palaces and their collections. It is located in the center of Beijing, the former Tiananmen Square, after relying on King Hill, near Wangfujing Market, west of Zhongnanhai. In 1961, approved by the State Council, the Forbidden City was designated as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in China. In 1987, the Forbidden City was listed by UNESCO as "World Cultural Heritage".
According to ancient Chinese theory of astrology, Ziweiyuan (Polaris) is located in the middle sky, where the Emperor lives and corresponds with nature. It is based on the emperors' residence, also known as the Forbidden City. After Emperor Zhu Di, the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty, seized the throne, he decided to relocate his capital to Beijing and began to build the palace until the eighteen years of Ming Yongle (1420) were completed. In 1911, the Revolution of 1911 overthrew China's last feudal monarchy - the Qing Dynasty. In 1924, Emperor Pu Yi was expelled from the palace ban. In the five hundred years before and after this period, a total of 24 emperors lived here and ruled over the whole country.
Forbidden City, surrounded by a 10m high walls and 52m wide moat. The city is 961m long from north to south and 753m wide from east to west with an area of 780,000㎡. There are four gates on each side of the city walls, including the Meridian Gate in the south and the Shenwumen in the north for visitors. City Palace building layout along the axis to both east and west. Yellow wall Huangwa, painted Dongliang, magnificent. Temple floor, level scattered, spectacular majestic. In the evening, in the fairyland. The southern part of the city is centered around the three major temples of Ether, Neutralization and Baohe. Both sides of the city are supplemented by the two chambers of Wenhua and Wuying. They are the places where the emperor held a meeting and were called "the former dynasty." The northern half of the Qing dynasty, pay Thai, Kunning Sannomiya and things Six Houses and Imperial Garden as the center, the outer east there Fengxian, Huangji and other temples, Yang Xin Temple west, Yuhua Pavilion, Ci Ning Palace, etc., is the place where the emperor and concubines live, perform sacrificial and religious activities, and handle daily affairs. They are called "afterglows." The total area of palace buildings in two parts before and after was 163,000㎡. The entire group of palace buildings cautious layout, orderly, inch tile tiles are followed by the feudal level of etiquette, reflecting the emperor paramount authority. In the era of feudal monarchy, the ordinary people could not and did not dare to move closer to it.
After the Revolution of 1911, the palace should all be nationalized. However, according to the "Preferential Treatment Conditions for Qing Room" proposed at that time, Emperor Pu Yi was allowed to "temporarily stay in the palace," or the part of "later bedtime." At that time, the government decided to move the relics of the Jehol (Chengde) Palace and Shengjing (Shenyang) Forbidden City to the Former DPRK part of the Forbidden City and established the Antiquities Exhibition Center in 1914. Pu Yi Habitat palace, has been with the remnants of the remnants of collusion, in the attempt to restore, and to reward, pawn, repair and other names, from the palace - a large number of cultural relics has aroused serious concern of all sectors of society. In 1924, Feng Yuxiang launched the "coup" in Beijing, Pu Yi will be expelled from the palace ban, while the establishment of "clean room after the Commission", took over the Forbidden City, the Palace of cultural relics inventory. After another year of intense preparations, a grand ceremony was held on October 10, 1925 at the Qianqing Square in front of the gate and the entire nation was opened to declare the formal establishment of the National Palace Museum. On the first day of its opening, people first sought to see the mysterious palace and its treasures quickly. There were 10,000 people in Beijing's inner-city emptying and the traffic jammed. This has also become a major news story for major newspapers of the day.
After a preliminary inventory, the relics left over from the court of the Qing Dynasty contained more than 1.17 million pieces of documents, including the "Investigation Report on the Clean Room Commission" published in 1925, including three generations Yi, ancient jade, Ming and Qing Dynasties of the Tang Dynasty paintings, Song and Yuan ceramics, enamel, lacquer ware, gold and silver ware, bamboo cantaloupe, gold and copper religious statues and a large number of imperial concubines clothing, clothing and furniture and so on. Can be described as jade jade, treasures, the world's wealth, to gather here. In addition, there are a large number of books and books, documents and archives. To this end, the Palace Museum has an archeology museum, a library and a documentation hall, each of which organizes manpower to continue the reorganization of cultural relics. It also opens up showrooms for the palace, organizes various kinds of exhibitions, publishes a variety of publications, publicizes information and publicizes them. All work carried out vividly, cultural blend, very moment of Sheng.
On the eve of the full eruption of the Second World War, Japanese imperialists swallowed up northeastern China's territory and stepped on North China at a tremendous pace. The situation is in dire circumstances. In order to protect the National Palace Museum from being destroyed by the war or being plundered by Japanese imperialism, the National Palace Museum decided to adopt cultural relics to avoid enemy migration to the south. From February to May 1933, important intrauterine artifacts were packed into 13,427 cases and 64 packets, arriving in Shanghai in five batches before being shipped to Nanjing. Then build a cultural relics warehouse in Nanjing, and the establishment of the National Palace Museum Nanjing Branch. In 1937, the "July 7th Marco Polo Bridge Incident" broke out and the anti-Japanese war was launched in full swing. Relocated south along the cultural relics and moved to Sichuan, respectively, were stored in Sichuan Province, Baxian, Emei and Leshan. Until the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the three cultural relics concentrated in Chongqing, in 1947 shipped back to Nanjing. As the Chinese People's Liberation Army is about to cross the river, from the end of 1948 to the beginning of 1949, Nanjing-the government selected 2,972 cases of cultural relics from the Nanjing Treasury for transport to Taiwan and then opened a new museum outside Shuilin in Shilin, Taipei City for public display. The remaining large number of cultural relics were shipped back to more than 10,000 boxes of the National Palace Museum after 1949, but so far 2,221 boxes are still sealed in the Nanjing Treasury, commissioned by the Nanjing Museum on behalf of custody. During the brutal war of more than ten years, due to the difficulties and obstacles of the staff of the National Palace Museum, due to its due diligence, the number of cultural relics moving south was huge, but without any loss or damage, the spirit, deeds, Epic But again because of this war, resulting in the Forbidden City cultural relics off-site. The collection of the traditional culture of the motherland should be a whole, but inseparable especially from the Forbidden City. People believe that it will eventually one day be completed.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the staff of the National Palace Museum was put into work with a new spirit. Remove weeds, clear the river, clean up the trash. In the early 1950s, as many as 250,000 cubic meters of rubbish were removed from the palace during the last hundred years, a new look has been taken. The Palace Museum has formulated the ancient building maintenance principle of "focusing on protection, focusing on renovation, comprehensive planning and gradually implementing". After decades of efforts, many of the temple pavilions, which have been broken, leaked and are on the verge of collapse, have been restored and decorated with oil. Was magnificent. High-voltage palaces throughout the hospital are equipped with lightning protection facilities, but also with a huge investment in the construction of a fire safety monitoring system and high-pressure fire water supply network, so that this ancient palace building has been more effectively protected. Especially after the reform and opening up, with the vigorous support of the people's government, the river of cheese surrounding the Forbidden City has been thoroughly rehabilitated to better highlight the style of the former Imperial City.
In the field of cultural relics, the focus of the fifties and sixties was to re-check, register and catalog the Qing relics of the Palace Museum, identify, classify and document the Qing relics of the Palace Museum, and rectify the missing pieces of artifacts in the past For example, ivory seats wrapped in grass curtains were found in the pile of debris, and the book "Six Venerable Images" of the Luling Gilt in the Tang Dynasty, stored under the floor, was found repairing the stage of Shu Fang Zhai. Through more than ten years of work, a total of more than 701,000 pieces of old Tibetan cultural relics have been cleared. At the same time, more than 220,000 pieces of new cultural relics were collected through the state allocation, social solicitation and private donations. This greatly filled up vacancies and deficiencies in the era and category of the old Tibetan cultural relics in Qing Dynasty, such as Stone Age pottery, Shang and Zhou dynasties bronze, jade, pottery figurines of the Han Dynasty, Northern and Southern Dynasties stone statues, such as the Tang Dynasty three colors. The new collection of ancient French calligraphy is particularly large for the world attention. Such as the Jin Dynasty, Lu Ji, "Ping Fu Tan", Wang Kui, "Bo Yuan Tie", Gu Kai's "Luoshu Fu map volume" Sui Qian Ziyun "Spring Festival map", Tang Dynasty Han Zhi " Volume "in the Five Dynasties period," Han Xizai Banquet Volume "in the Five Dynasties Period, Song Dynasty Li Gonglin" Pastoral Volume of Lin Wei Yan ", Guo Xi's" Pingtong Pingtu "and Zhang Optional" Qingming Riverside Volume ". In recent years, this work has been relentlessly repurchased from the market with huge sums of money in the Song Dynasty. In the Song dynasty, "In the Qing Dynasty, Shi Tao" shouts and rolls "and so on, especially the first two Pu Yi to visit Pu Jie in the name of Pirates from the palace and the dispersion of folk, and today reverted to the treasure.
In order to protect these huge quantities of antiquities and treasures, the original warehouse was extensively trimmed from the 1950s and 1960s, and various measures against moisture and pest were adopted. After the 1990s, a new cultural relic warehouse was established, which can accommodate more than 600,000 relics. The new warehouse temperature, humidity, fire, anti-theft, and the use of modern technology, automatic control, to protect cultural objects safe. Since 1950, a cultural relics factory was established. In 1980, it was expanded into a science and technology department of cultural relics protection. It inherited, utilized traditional techniques and introduced new achievements in natural sciences to repair the damaged cultural relics. For decades, Over 110,000 artifacts have been restored in total.
In order to make the hospital treasure and the audience meet, in the exhibition, in addition to the preservation and restoration of the three main temples, the latter three mausoleums and the Xiliu Gong and other places of the original display, but also from time to time opened up the bronze, ceramics, crafts, calligraphy and painting, Treasures, watches and other museums, for visitors to enjoy. Also opened a temporary exhibition hall, held a variety of thematic exhibitions, such as in recent years, "the authenticity of ancient calligraphy and painting contrast exhibition", "ancient ceramic imitation imitation and ancient kiln site information exhibition", "Palace Pack Exhibition in Qing Dynasty" "Fifty years of cultural relics in Tibet boutique exhibition," are widely welcomed by all sectors of society exhibition. At the same time also the introduction of domestic brothers Museum and abroad collection of cultural relics exhibition. To meet the demands of the masses, the Palace Museum also organized small-scale cultural relics exhibitions to be exhibited in museums in various provinces and cities and was invited to hold various forms of exhibitions abroad. Especially since the reform and opening up, such exhibitions have become more frequent. The countries that have gone to the exhibition include Britain, the United States, France, the former Soviet Union, Germany, Austria, Spain, Australia, Japan, Singapore, wherever they went, aroused great interest from local audiences and made the exotic people understand the Chinese nation The long history and splendid national culture and art make due contributions to the promotion of the friendly relations and cultural exchanges between our country and the peoples of other countries in the world.
In the past decade or so, the Palace Museum has received an average of 6 to 8 million Chinese and foreign viewers per year. Moreover, with the development of tourism, the number of viewers is on an unprecedented increase. It shows that people's interest in the Forbidden City has enjoyed a long-term growth.
In addition to directly facing the audience, the Palace Museum also organizes the publication of various book catalogs and periodicals, and extensively introduces the palace buildings and relic collections of the Forbidden City to all walks of life. The large-scale catalogs that have been published include the National Palace Museum, a collection of famous paintings, the National Palace Museum, the National Palace Museum, the Forbidden City Palace, the court life in the Qing Dynasty, the National Treasure Collection, Complete Works "(a total of 60 volumes, 18 volumes have been published), etc., numerous. Periodicals have "Palace Museum", "Forbidden City" two.
Since 1997, in order to meet the need of the National Palace Museum to deepen the reform and opening up, the hospital organization conducted a major reform and reorganized the three departments of custody, display and research originally set up, and set up the ancient artifacts and ancient paintings and calligraphy department , The Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Exhibitions. The newly formed information and information center, specializing in promoting the National Palace Museum of information technology. One after another into the capital, the introduction of modern science and technology, opened the National Palace Museum computer network system and various types of management with a database, but also use the Internet world Unicom to establish the National Palace Museum website. The site, now displayed in front of you, will allow people in distant places to enjoy the mysterious palace through the internet, glimpsing the magnificent buildings of the Forbidden City and the rich collection of relics.