The Gospel of John reveals to us the philosophy and the deepest thought of Jesus about the doctrine of the kingdom of God. We have to remember that just as the gospel of Luke is the gospel of mercy, the gospel written by John is the gospel of eternal life. In fact the gospel of John is not a synoptic gospel like that of Matthew, Mark and Luke. The Gospel of John is almost a Gnostic Gospel.
The Gospel of John is the only Gospel that tells us about the secret meeting of Jesus and Nicodemus. Nicodemus visits Jesus at night and they talk about the secrets of Gnosis, of being born from on high, of seeing the kingdom of God. Nicodemus is a doctor of the Law of Moses, a Pharisee, a member of the Jewish ruling council, and this new doctrine about the flesh and the spirit is strange to him. Such is so that Nicodemus asks Jesus: "´How can someone be born when they are old?´ Nicodemus asked.´Surely they cannot enter a second time into their mother's womb to be born!´", John 3:4
There are several anecdotes about Nicodemus in the gospels, Nicodemus without being a disciple of Jesus is one of his followers. Jesus invites him to enter the Kingdom of God, to receive eternal life in a mysterious language:
"´Very truly I tell you, no one can enter the Kingdom of God unless they are born of water and the spirit. Flesh gives birth to flesh, but the Spirit gives birth to Spirit. You should not be surprised at my saying, ´You must be born again´. The wind blows wherever it pleases. You hear its sound, but you cannot tell where it comes from or where it is going. So it is with everyone born of the Spirit.´" John 3:5-8.
This philosophical teaching of Jesus is incomprehensible to most people because to see the kingdom of God we need a predisposition from birth, that is to say, this teaching is directed towards spiritual men, not towards natural men. The spirit is a grace that God distributes as he wants.
In philosophy "born of the spirit", "born from above" is called "Gnosis", it is the act of spiritual illumination of the mind. From the Gnosis the sage and the love of God are born, the agape love, the love projected towards the whole creation of God. In this context "seeing the kingdom of God" is the same worship of wisdom and the eternal and immutable truths.
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