Psalm 51 is a hymn deeply intertwined with the prophetic teachings, and with the Christian doctrine of the new man. The central idea of this text in the Bible is the need for the inner spiritual renewal to achieve the beatitude. And this theme arises from an undeniable spiritual truth, there are two hearts and they lead to two different paths, sin and righteousness ("Do to no one what you yourself hate" Tobit 4:15). A heart of stone does not lead men to happiness, a heart like that of King Rehoboam that led to the division of the nation of Israel in two kingdoms, a heart like that of Jeroboam that created a religious schism among the Israelites by creating two golden calves. A heart of stone only causes problems and suffering.
This is why the Psalm begins by recognizing how the original sin of Adam and Eve recounted in the Book of Genesis passed on to all humanity and so this sin is the source of all the miseries and imperfections in man:
"Indeed, I was born guilty.
I was a sinner when my mother conceived me" Psalm 51:5.
But in contrast to this fact is the grace of God, who can accomplish a new creative work, granting a new heart to men, a heart of flesh permeable to the illuminating wisdom from above, and so the Psalm with wisdom continues:
"Create a clean heart in me, O God,
and renew a faithful spirit within me.
Do not force me away from your presence,
and do not take your Holy Spirit from me" Psalm 51:10-11.
In the face of the destruction of the kingdoms of Judah and Israel by oppressive armies, and to encourage the hope of the chosen people many prophets spoke of this spiritual need, such as the prophets Jeremiah and Daniel, and the great King Solomon during the height of the Kingdom of Israel, who in the sacred place of Gibeon asked for a heart that knows how to listen to God, is one of the best examples. The Psalm also makes special mention of the Holy Spirit as an inner teacher, something that is typical not of the Old, but of the New Testament. The Psalm 51 is a reminder that only the grace of God can save man, a transforming grace of society and of all creation.
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