Types of Corn (Maize)

_{This is sweet corn cultivated in Gunci Village, Sawang, North Aceh Regency}

Hello all friend Steemit, how are you? Wish you good health always. On this occasion, I discuss about the type of corn. May be useful.

Background

Corn (Zea mays) is a plant belonging to the family of grasses (gramineae) from the subfamily myadeae. While the alleged origin of corn crop are two families namely Teosinte and tripsacum. The two families came from different places, Teosinte come from Mexico and Guatemala come from wild plant in the corn crop area.

According to (subekti et al, 2017) Corn (Zea mays) is a seasonal plant and includes a type of grass or gramineae that has a single stem, although there is a possibility of the emergence of branches of seedling in certain genotypes and environments. Corn stalk consist of books and segments. Corn leaves grow on every book, dealing with each other. Male flowers are located on a separate part of a plant so commonly cross-pollination. Corn is a short-day plant, the number of leaves is determined at the time of the initiation of male flowers, and is controlled by genotype, duration of irradiation, and temperature.
unila.ac.id

Corn kernels are called kariopsis, the ovary wall integrates with the skin of the seed or testa, thus forming a fruit wall. Corn seeds consist of three main parts, namely (1) pericarp, (2) endosperm and (3) embryo (institution). Here's the explanation.

1. Pericarp is a thin outer layer and serves to prevent embryos from pest organisms that result in water loss.

2. Endosperm, as a food reserve, reaches 75% of the weight of seeds containing 90% starch and 10% protein, minerals, oils, and others.

3. Embrio (institusi), sebagai tanaman miniatur yang terdiri dari plumule, akar radicle, scutellum, dan koleoptil.

Corn seed known as kernels consist of 3 main parts, namely cell wall, endosperm, and embryo. This is the most important part of the seeds of the result.

Most people in Indonesia general and in Aceh specifically only recognize three type of corn, obiter (1) sweet corn, (2) ordinary corn and (3) Waxy Corn. However, if examined more about the type of maize was originated from several countries other than Indonesia, various types of corn exist. Here's a review of the type of corn.

8 Types Corn Seed

1. Sweet Corn

Characteristic of sweet corn (Z.m. Saccharata) can be seen from the seed are still young, the seeds are radiant and clear, the while seed are ripe and dry looks wrinkled.

Sweet corn seed when cooked wrinkled and transparent, the unripes seed contain sugar content (water-soluble polysaccharide, WSP) higher than starch. Sweet corn sugar content 4-8 times higher than normal corn at age 18-22 days after pollination. this is determined by the recessive sugary (su) gene (Tracy 1994).
jagungbisi.com

In America and Mexico, Sweet Corn (Zm Saccharata) is heavily planted for the manufacture of syrup. While penanama sweet corn in Indonesia began around approximately 2000 because sweet corn into export merchandise to the world market. Some farmer cultivate sweet corn for family need, such as cake making, mixed ingredients Vegetable Asem and Spinach Spinach and many also make sweet corn as roasted corn.

2. Corn Pod (Z. tunicata Sturt)

Type of corn Pod was first encountered in South America, Uruguay and Paraguay. Corn Pod is a primitive maize and wrapped by small glum or klobot. Corn pod is not widely known for not being cultivated commercially.

3. Dent Corn

This type of corn has a characteristic in form of its muted seed color sometimes yellow, white or other colors. Other than that, the shape of the fruit Dent corn there is a groove in middle the fruit and its seed large. Corn type like this is very suitable as corn flour.

Dent corn very rarely cultivated by farmers throughout Indonesia because this type of maize is not resistant to pest attacks. However, Dent Corn is widely planted by farmers in America to be used as feedstock or as animal feed ingredients.

4. Pearl Corn

Pearl corn is corn that can adapt well in the tropics and subtropics, this kind of corn is very preferred by Indonesian farmers because it is resistant to pest warehouse. Characteristic white pearl corn color, the yellow is sometimes red, the seeds are round slippery, shiny, and hard. While at the time of cooking, at the top of the corn kernel shrunk together, so that the top surface of the seeds slick and round.

Pearl corn is widely found in America and for animal feed. While in Indonesia, pearl corn is used as a material for human food and for animal feed.

5. Waxy Maize

Waxy Corn (Zm Ceratina) is usually called corn glutinous or corn pulen. This type of corn has a small seed, hard, shiny color like a candle because the amount of amilo peppers resembles tapioca starch. When the corn seed is heated, the steam will go into the seed and then enlarged and broke (pop).

waxy corn (Zm Ceratina) comes from Asia and has high economical, this type of corn can replace tapioca starch and sago substitute and suitable for animal feed material. in addition, this corn can also be used as an adhesive

6. Pop Corn (Jagung Berondong)

Pop Corn (ZM everta) is a small seed maize and almost the entire endosperm is a hard part so that if heated it can inflate 10-30 times the original volume. The color of the grain The corn is white or yellowish.

The shape of popcorn is divided into two, namely (1) Rice Popcorn whose seeds are slightly tapered and (2) Pear Popcorn with round seeds. In America, this type of maize is cultivated on a large scale, especially Iowa, Nebrazka and Mexico

7. High-Oil Corn

High-Oil Corn is a corn that has oil content in seeds more than 6%. Seed oil is mostly contained in scutellum, ie 83-85% of total seed oil.

High-oil corn is corn that has various types of beans, can be dent or flint, corn is considered important in the food industry, such as cooking oil and margarine. Livestock fed with high oil maize has a positive impact on its growth (Lambert 1994). High oil corn has a variety of seed types, can be dent or flint.

8. Flour Corn

Flour Corn (Zm. amylacea) is a corn soft substance, except on the side of a thin seed is hard starch. This type of maize was developed in South America in parts of Peru, Bolivia and Colombia as well as Colombia and in Africa. Characteristic of corn flour almost all the seeds resemble flour and soft, long tongkangnya ranging from 25-30 cm and seed lines ranging from 8-12 lines, then when exposed to heat will break easily. This type of maize is suitable to be processed into cornstarch.

Conclusion

Corn kernels are called kariopsis, the ovary wall integrates with the skin of the seed or testa, thus forming a fruit wall. Corn seeds consist of three main parts, namely (1) pericarp, (2) endosperm and (3) embryo (institution).

Most people in Indonesia general and in Aceh specifically only recognize three type of corn, obiter (1) sweet corn, (2) ordinary corn and (3) Waxy Corn.

However, after further investigation, the tipe corn many kind. Besides in Indonesia, in other countries the productivity of maize is more cultivated and almost all types of maize are planted for feed and food processing.

The government should make efforts to increase corn production by increasing the provision of adequate seeds, either quantity and quality as well as other production facilities.

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Source

jagungbisi.com
sustainablemovement.com
unila.ac.id
agrobisnisinfo.com

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Farmer Life !!!

Best Regards @azirgraff