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Element is Basic

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As far as the science I possess, I want to share with the steemian of what I know. I just like to read and find out what I have in my mind.

Chemical elements, or simply called elements, are chemicals that can not be subdivided into smaller substances, or can not be converted into other chemicals using ordinary chemical methods. The element is a substance that contains only one type of atom.
The smallest particles of the element are atoms. It can be said that the element is the atom itself. . An atom consists of an atomic nucleus (nucleus) and is surrounded by electrons. The atomic nucleus consists of a number of protons and neutrons. Until now it is known there are approximately 117 elements in the world. 

Souce 1

 "No Experts Can Excogitate But They Only Can Conditioned"

                   
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All materials come from an element then elements are put together in one compound that we mean the material, the easy example is water. Scholars never Excogitate but they simply conditioned from a form (base or element) to a new form (compound). All elements have existed in nature, They only find and then give the name of an element or compound that has been found based on the inventor's wish.
If experts can Excogitate why they do not create a well (spring) or river in the desert ? This is what I mean that experts are just conditioned. 

A history from some chemistry expert is Dmitriy Ivanovich Mendeleyev Was a chemist from the Russian Empire who created a periodic table based on an increase in the number of atoms. This number indicates the number of protons in the nucleus. The number of protons is equal to the number of electrons that surround the free atoms.
He found it while preparing a textbook for his students. He found that if he arranged elements according to the increase in atomic mass, elements of a similar nature would emerge with a scaled interval. He successfully presented his work to the Russian Chemical Society in early 1869.It was an advantage for him because at the end of the same year, another German chemist, Julius Lothar Meyer, also managed to compile the same table, but because it worked first, Mendeleev was considered the inventor of the periodic list.In his research, he made several sequences about elements of known chemicals by arranging a set of cards, in which each card contains each element and its chemical properties. Source 2

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The History of Wells In The Desert

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The western world has failed to instill doubts about this water source. They questioned it, because according to them the position of the city where this water source is a rare area of

rain and high temperatures. So it does not make sense to them if this well could be drunk by millions of humanity, while the wells around the city are often drought. Well what is it? The answer is ZamZam Water.
ZamZam well has been known since the time of Prophet Samuel . The ZamZam well was destroyed during the Jarham period, and then the signs were lost until Abdul Muttalib, the grandfather of the prophet Muhammad saw him in a dream explaining to him the place of the well.
After hundreds of years of excavation, the Saudi royal government undertook the largest project for the clearance of the ZamZam well, and made a very detailed plan on the source of its springs, its debits and so on.At that time in Europe, has spread the issue, especially on those who made doubts against Islam that ZamZam Water is not worth drinking. Source 4
In 1971, it was decided to send a sample of ZamZam Water to a laboratory in Europe to prove its worthiness to drink.
Mu'inuddin Ahmad a Chemical Engineer said "that he has taken a number of ZamZam Water to be sampled. The results of laboratory tests suggest that ZamZam Water is worth drinking, but more than that Water ZamZam contains several series of flourine elements that kill germs. And that's when his eyes see the well from which the ZamZam Water comes from. When he saw the well, it was no easy matter for him to believe in this blessing of water. The well is sized :

 
• The spring water is small
 
• No more than 18 feet in heigh
 
• Width no more than 14 feet.

And finally he could imagine such a small well able to meet millions of gallons of water each year.

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The Flourine in Water Reaction

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Halogen readily forms negative ions, because the halogen atom has 7 valence electrons in its outer shell (ns2 np5). Atoms of the halogen element tend to attract one electron (1e-) and become negative ions in the ray to form a stable electron arrangement like noble gas (ns2 np6). Therefore, halogens are called highly electronegative elements.

All halogens are soluble in water. Halogenic elements that can oxidize water are fluorine and chlorine (slow progress). This is due to the oxidation potential of water is -1.23 V, while fluorine -2.87 V, and chlorine -1.36 V. The reaction is as follows.

Fluorine in water

2F2(g) + 4e 4F-(aq) Eo = +2,67 V
2H2O(l) 4H+(aq) + O2(g) + 4e Eo = -1,23 V
2F2(g) + 2H2O(l) 4F-(aq) + 4H+(aq) + O2(g) Eo = +1,64 VOr2F2(g) + 2H2O(l) 4HF(aq) + O2(g) Eo = +1,64 V

Clhorine In Water

2Cl2(g) + 4e 4Cl- Eo = +1,36 V
2H2O(l) 4H+(aq) + O2(g) + 4e Eo = -1,23 V
2Cl2(g) + 2H2O(l) 4Cl-(aq) + 4H+(aq) + O2(g) Eo = +0,13 VOr2Cl2(g) + 2H2O(l) 4HCl(aq) + O2(g) Eo = +0,13 V

The ability to react the halogen elements with non-metallic elements exhibits the same pattern, ie the reactivity is reduced from fluorine to iodine. Fluorine reacts directly with all non-metallic elements except nitrogen, helium, neon, and argon. Even with fluorine heating can react with diamonds and xenon.
Fluorine can also react with glass, quartz, and silica.
Chlorine and Bromine can not react directly with noble gases, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. Iodine can not react with these elements, but can react directly with phosphates. Source 3

The Source 1, 2, 3, 4

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