Hi Steemians..!!!
Public policy is a complex process because it involves many processes and variables that must be studied by policy-making actors. Therefore, some politicians interested in reviewing public policy divide the process of public policy-making process into several stages. The purpose of such a division is to facilitate the review of public policy.
The public policy stages proposed by William Dunn (1998) are as the following:
1. Stage of Preparation The agenda
Of selected actors and appointed to formulate issues on the previous public agenda these issues compete first to get into the policy agenda, since not all issues are a priority on the public policy agenda Finally, some the problem goes to the agendapolicy makers policy makers. At this stage a problem may not be touched at all, while other issues are set to be the focus of discussion, or there are also problems for some reason postponed for a long time.
2. The Stage of Policy Formulation
The issues that have gone into the policy agenda are then discussed by the policy-making actors. The problem is then defined for the best solution to solve the problem The solution comes from various alternatives or policy options (policy altemativespolicy opoons that exist) as well as the struggle of a problem to enter the policy agenda in the policy formulation phase of each competing alternative to be selected as the action taken to solve the problem At this stage each actor will play to propose the problem.
3. The Policy Adoption
Stage The various policy alternatives offered by the policy formulating actors, on one of the alternatives the policy is adopted for further action in public policy with support and the legislative majority, consensus between institutional directors or judicial decisions.
4. Stage of Policy Implementation
A policy program will only become elite records, if the program is not implemented, therefore, the policy program decision has been taken as an alternative solution problems should be implemented by government agencies at lower levels. Policies that have been taken are carried out by government agencies that mobilize financial and human resources. At this stage of implementation there are various competing interests. Some policy implementations have the support of the implementers, but others may be opposed by the implementers.
5. The Policy Evaluation Phase is evaluated.
At this stage the policy has been assessed or evaluated. this is done to see the extent to which the policy made has been able to solve the problem. Public policy is basically made to achieve the desired impact, In this case, solving the problems facing the community. therefore, it is determined that the size of the criteria or criteria on which to base whether the public policy has achieved the desired impact. Viewed from the above description of the stages of public policy making, it can be concluded that policy evaluation plays an important role in the stages of public policy. Given the many problems which takes place in society certainly requires a proper problem solving and in accordance with the conditions of society.
The stages of public policy according to Dunn above can be seen clearly in Figure below:
So the stages of public policy formulation that need to be known, hopefully for politicians who make the policy do not make mistakes, and finally a policy will be appropriate and beneficial to the life of nation and state.
Hopefully helpful, and thank you.