La enfermedad pulmonar ostructiva cronica es causada por una inflamacion cronica en las vias respiratorias y los pulmunes a consecuencia de la exposicion de particulas y gases toxicos , mas que todo al humo del tabaco . Otro factor de riesgo menos frecuente es el déficit de alfa 1 antitricina determinado geneticamente . La fisiopatologia va a estar dada por : reduccion del flujo aereo por las vias respiratorias debido a la obstrucion de los bonquios de pequeño calibre y bronquiolos , hiperproduccion de moco y alteracion de la depuracion mucociliar , enfisema : los cuales se dividen en enfisema panacinoso y enfisema centrocianoso ; alteracion del intercambio gaseoso, se desarrolla hipertensión pulmonar y cor pulmonar a consecuencia de la constricción vascular debido a la hipoxemia . Clinica : tos , disnea , expectoracion excesiva , hay sibilancias y roncos , la respiracion de los musculos diafragmaticos se ve disminuida , cianosis central . Diagnostico : espirometria , hemograma , proteinograma , prueba de esfuerzo . Tratamiento: beta2 mimeticos de accion prolongada y corta como : salbutamol , fermoterol , salmeterol , formoterol . anticolinergicos como : bromuro de ipratropio , bromuro de oxitropio , bromuro de tiotropio . Glucocorticoides : budesonida y beclometasona
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