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I currently work with the learning disabled at our school. We have a range of problems from dyslexia to ADHD to reading disabilities. Today I want to focus on dyslexia.

What is dyslexia?

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Dyslexia is an unexpected difficulty in a individuals ability to learn to read. Dyslexia is defined as an unexpected difficulty in learning to read. Those who have dyslexia struggles to read quickly and automatically as well as to retrieve spoken words easily. Usually these individuals are very creative and ingenuity.

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What are the symptoms?

1. They have complications with reading.
2. They have a difficulty with spelling words in writing products.
3. They usually have low confidence or behavioral problems.
4. Letter and/or number reversals occur.
5. Problems with pronunciation.
6. They omit sounds or letters when they read and write.
7. They complain about headaches.
8. They have difficulty in reading out loud.
9. The confuse left or right.
10. They have problems with writing tools like pencils or pens.
11. They have a trouble with sequenced instructions.
12. They choose to rather guess, skip or replace words instead of sounding them out.
13. Their oral comprehension is very strong where they have a weak reading comprehension.
14. It appears to them that the letters on a page appear to move, be blurry or even out of focus.
15. Time management and planning can be very difficult for them.
16. They have an inability to differentiate between speech sounds
17. They have a difficulty in repeating phrases or sentences.
18. Their grades are embarrassing to them.
19. Using flashcards or memorizing to learn, doesn't work for these learners.
20. They read below their grade level and/or their peers.

TAKE NOTE: The above 20 symptoms are the most common symptoms. Not all dyslexic individuals have all these symptoms.

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Different types of dyslexia

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Video from the University of Harvard, USA about the different types of dyslexia.

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What can be done?

1. Use the dyslexia font for the learner's work and all the assessments. The font can be found here: https://www.dyslexiefont.com/
   At our school we have been using the dyslexia font for the past year and it has made a difference in some of our dyslexia learners. We have implemented phase wide, from the Grade 4's to the Grade 7's, and the response we have been receiving from the learners with no learning difficulties is that it works even for them.
2. Check that the child correctly wrote down the homework.
3. At the front of the child's homework book write down a few reliable classmates numbers so that they have someone to contact when they are confused about their homework.
4. When reading to the class, don't let the child read to the class, but allow the child to read directly at the teacher.
5. Let the child read books at their own skill level.
6. Train the learner when teaching them spelling words to look for certain errors.
7. POOR SPELLING IS NOT AN INDICATOR OF LOW INTELLIGENCE!
   Even though this is the case for some of our learners.
8. When teaching math make sure that the learner's visual perceptual skills are practiced. You can use certain colors when explaining the math sequences etc.
9. Only mark spelling up to the level of the learner's spelling abilities.
10. Never ask these learners to rewrite a piece unless it will be displayed. If rewriting is done unnecessary it will break this child's will to do more.
11. Use computers to do the child's word processing.
12. When answering a question paper the child's answers can be verbally recorded and transcribed by the teacher or a willing adult.
    At our school these learners are still in the mainstream. The severe cases come to me when they have to write a test or exam, in order for me to write their verbal answers onto their question papers.
13. Provide additional time for the completion of worksheets, tests etc.
    14.If possible don't single this child out. When new skills are taught to this learner, teach it to the whole class, so that in return they don't feel that they are singled out.
    
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The strengths of a dyslexic

I couldn't put it better than in the below picture.

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Here are some interesting videos you can watch that focussed on dyslexia:

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Living with dyslexia

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Sources

1. Source 1
2. Source 2
3. Source 3
4. [Source 4](https://www.understood.org/en/learning-attention-issues/child-learning-disabilities/dyslexia/understanding-dyslexia]
5. Source 5
6. Source 6

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