Infectious agents are ruling the world!!!!! Modern medicine (drug) where is your bio-weapon. Though scientist neither sleep nor slumbers, Modern chemotherapeutic agents are wonderful. But the fasting means of development of resistance mechanisms of microorganisms’ bacteria fungi and virus against drugs are more wonderful. Several disease causes by this infections agents has claims millions of life across the globe.
Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest worldwide problems. The capability of a microbe to withstand the active properties of a drug. Nowadays, most important bacterial infection is becoming resistant to modern drugs in the world. The winning war of this microorganism is most pressing public health fears
World heath organization (WHO) and World health leaders have described antibiotic-resistant bacteria viruses and fungi as “nightmare” microorganisms that pose live threat to people all over the world.
How microorganisms condemn modern drug
Some microorganism Produced Enzymes or Chemical representatives that deactivate or destroyed active component found in modern drug: example Staphylococci, gonococci, streptococcus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis etc are resistant to penicillin G because the organisms produce enzymes B-lactamase and Penicillase that destroys the drug, they are Resistant to aminoglycosides by virtue of plasmid they produce: Adenylylating, Phosphorylating and acetylating enzymes that destroy the drugs
Some common enteric Microorganisms like Camphelobacter and Helicobacter pylori that causes gastrointestinal ulcer, salmonella, shigella E. coli, Changes the permeability to the modern drug: Tetracycline accumulates in susceptible bacteria but not in resistant bacteria, Polymyxins resistance is also associated with a change in permeability to the drugs, Amikacin and some other aminoglycosides may depend on a lack of permeability to the drugs.
Pathogenic microorganism altered structural target for the drug
Erythromycin resistant organism has an altered receptor on the 50S subunit of the ribosomes making Penicillin resistance in streptococcus pneumonia, and enterococci feacalis is due to the altered Penicillin-binding proteins.
Micro-organisms change an altered metabolic pathway that side-step the reaction inhibited by the modern drug:
Micro-organisms develop an altered enzyme that still perform its metabolic function but is much less affected by the drug.
Source
Microorganism condemn drug genetically and non-genetically
Some Active replication of bacteria is required for most antibacterial drug actions thereby overcoming the drug, some Microorganisms may lose the specific target structure for a drug for several generations and becomes resistant and some infection agents may infect the host at sites where antibiotic agents are not active for example Gentamycin are not effective in treating Salmonella enteric fevers because the salmonella are intracellular and aminoglycosides do not enter the cells
Spontaneous mutation controls susceptibility to a given antimicrobial drug and favour the growth of drug-resistant mutants. Extrachromosomal genetic DNA (plasmids). Some plasmid carry gene for resistance gene in microorganism.
Steemians I just want to let us know that the drugs we are taking do not really kill pathogenic Microorganisms it only inhibited their growth and in such case some became resistant and spread more causing life threat sickness. Let works on our immune system it help better than the modern drug that it toxicity have led to several cases of cancerous cell development in our body.
We shall live Longer