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_{Img Source: pxhere.com (CC Public Domain)}

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Intro

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We are all under a violent radiation bomber at any moment. Don’t panic! It’s not harmful that much. Relax and go on reading. Every minute thousands of subatomic particles pierce our bodies with a terrible speed. This is not the "curse of modern life", nor is it a disaster from nature. Even if you move away from cities and settled in a powerless mountain village, you can not get rid of it. Because this radiation is completely natural!

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The uncharged pion is first decayed into two gamma-ray photons. They also produce electrons and positrons. All these particles fall into the earth like a rain.We know the electrons; the basic components of atoms. Positron is not an alien, it is an antiparticle of electrons. We can say positively charged electrons. Neutrino is also a fundamental particle. Neutrino enters from one side of the world and comes out from the other because there is hardly any interaction with the matter. Let's not add them to the account.

Muons, the main subject of this post, were discovered during the cosmic ray surveys in 1937. When the deviations in the magnetic field were measured, it was understood that the electric charges were the same as the electrons, but their masses were two hundred times more than the electrons and one-ninth of the mass of the proton.

The muons are fundamental particles, like electrons. So, as far as we know, there are no other building blocks in them. Proton and neutrons are not fundamental particles, they are composed of three quarks. However, unlike electrons, muons are unstable particles. Their average lifetime is only 2.2 microseconds (a billionth of a second). Because of this instability, and because we need a lot of energy to produce a new muon, there are no roles in our everyday life.

If we look at their short-lived lives, it is surprising at first glance whether we can detect the muons on the earth. Normally, a particle with a lifetime of about 1 / 500,000 of a second cannot have enough time to descend to the sea level below 100 kilometers from the upper part of the atmosphere. This is not because they cannot be fast enough. On the contrary, the muons produced by energetic cosmic rays are so fast, they travel almost at the speed of light. But even at the speed of light, they will only last a very short lifespan of five to six hundred meters.

There is no contradiction here, of course, only the effects of special relativity have not accounted for. In objects close to the speed of light, time passes slower than ours. On this count, the life of the "muon" extends for us and it is possible to remain without any decay until the particle reaches the earth.From the perspective of the muon, there is no question of a lifetime extension. But when viewed from the "window" of the muon, the distance to the earth is narrowed by Lorentz contradiction, which the particle can reach even in the short lifespan. Indeed, the fact that muons can be detected on earth is considered one of the experimental proofs of special relativity theory.

It’s So Interesting But These Muons And The Pyramids Are Somehow Related.

This Technique Is Used For Volcanoes And Fukushima!

Easy Explanation Of Muon Scattering Tomography

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This event can be explained as follows. Muons deviate significantly when passing through near heavy atoms such as Uranium or Plutonium. If such a deviation is seen, it means that there is a body of heavy elements in the cargo. In such a case, the thing inside the cargo can be suspected and inspected.The detector system required for scattering tomography is more complex than that used in 'through' tomography. The volume to be investigated should have six separate particle detectors, and each face should have two detector plates.

A fast-descending muon from the top down passes first through the top two plates. During the transition, the detector causes ionization in the material. With this ionization, the detector's electronic part can detect that a muon has passed through a specific pixel. Because the muon is so energetic, he goes on without hesitation and goes through the second plate on the top. The difference between the two plate crossings, allows us to determine the direction of muon going. The going muon, like a bullet, passes through the material and reaches the bottom plate, and the same process is repeated there. We look at the difference in angle between the directions at the inlet and outlet, and using mathematical relations, we can see what is the material that will provide a deviation in this quantity.

It's a very basic principle, but it's not as easy as it looks because in practice it takes a lot of trouble. To detect such small deviations, you have to have very high-resolution detectors. Your Pixels need to be very, very small. That's why we use semiconductor detectors, which we can obtain high resolution.

Conclusion

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Another problem in practice is that muons do not fall so much to earth. You do not have that much time to scan the cargo. You only need to finish this process in 1 or 2 minutes. Because if you want to scan for long periods of time, you'll expect a lot of muons to fall on the earth. In such case like this, millions of vehicles will collect in the back for making their luggage to be scanned. To overcome the 'short time' problem, it is necessary to develop very complex algorithms.At the time of commercialization, there will be a price tag of $ 1 million. Many countries will need this device for nuclear safety. Although there are still problems based on technology and production, it will surely be used at many customs control points after resolving these problems.

SteemSTEM is a community-driven project that now runs on Steem for more than 1.5 years. We seek to build a community of science lovers and to make the Steem blockchain a better place for Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM).

More information can be found on the @steemstem blog, on our discord server, and in our last project report. Please also have a look at this post for what concerns the building of our community.

REFERENCES

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• ^{KOZMİK IŞINLARLA RÖNTGEN ÇEKMEK: MÜON TOMOGRAFİSİ (In Turkish By Kaan Ozturk)}
• ^{Lesparre vd., Geophysical muon imaging: feasibility and limits. Geophys. J. Int. (2010) 183, 1348–1361}
• ^{Muon imaging: Principles, technologies and applications}
• ^{Geophysical muon imaging: feasibility and limits}
• ^{Meet the tech that revealed a hidden chamber inside Egypt’s Great Pyramid}
• ^{Muon imaging of volcanoes with Cherenkov telescopes}
• ^{MUON IMAGING OF ASTEROID AND COMET INTERIORS}

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Here are of some of my science and technology related posts which you could be interested in:

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• ^{Schrödinger's Biggest Cat: "Quantum In Real Life"}
• ^{Understanding The Time-Travel With Examples}
• ^{The Gases Shaping Up Our Lives: The Greenhouse Gases And Their Effect On The Atmosphere}
• ^{What Is "Multiverses" Theory Telling Us?}
• ^{Love In Atomic Scale: Quantum Entanglement}
• ^{The Summary Of A Genius}
• ^{Materials Of The Future: 2D Nanomaterials}

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And Also Please Check Out My Daily Quick But Informative Physics-Related Posts

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• ^{QUICK PHYSICS INFO: Force of Nothing; Casimir Effect !!}
• ^{QUICK PHYSICS INFO: Smallest and Shortest...Planck Scale!}
• ^{QUICK PHYSICS INFO: Not To Freeze; Leidenfrost Effect}
• ^{QUICK PHYSICS INFO: Gravitational Lens}
• ^{QUICK PHYSICS INFO: “What Is The Speed Of An Electron?”}
• ^{QUICK PHYSICS INFO: Frogs Can Fly ; Diamagnetism!}
• ^{QUICK PHYSICS INFO: “What is Maxwell’s Demon?”}
• ^{QUICK PHYSICS INFO: “Superconductivity”}
• ^{QUICK PHYSICS INFO : Standard Model}

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Note: All the Images are appropriately credited and linked their sources. Thanks to @pangoli and @aboutcoolscience for their help