Molecular Basis of Cancer Infiltration and Metastasis!

Cancer according to statistical data is the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. Νormal cells grow, divide and die in a strictly controlled manner, on the contrary, cancer cells continue to divide uncontrollably by creating those masses, named 'tumors'.

Τhe general characteristics of cancer cells are:

1. Resistance to apoptosis.
2. Proliferation in the presence of non-growth factors.
3. Non-response to signals that stop cell proliferation.
4. Τhe resistance to the aging mechanism.
5. Τhe creation of blood vessels for their blood supply.
6. Metastasis.
   It's important to mention that if there was no infiltration and metastasis in other organs, the tumor would be a benign disease.

Metastasis is the medical term for cancer that spreads to a different part of the body from where it started. The metastatic tumor is the same type of cancer as the primary tumor. For example Prostate cancer that spreads to bones,is referred as metastatic prostate cancer, not bone cancer, because the cells are prostatic.

The ways in which infiltration takes place:

Infiltration and metastasis causes death in two ways. First of all with local infiltration when it can cause organ damage and can prevent local tissue compression or local destruction of the organ. The second way is the remote metastasis, the formation of a new tumor in another organ of the body.

There are also two ways in which cancer cells can penetrate the tissue barriers. Simply by moving the cells from the primary tumor, traveling through the blood or lymph system or by penetrating and proteolizing tissues.

Metastasis is a complex and multistage process involving disorders of the normal regulatory mechanisms of the cell cycle, proliferation and angiogenesis processes. Some genes that involved in metastasis are p9ka/mtal, KAI1, KiSS, Tiam 1.

It's necessary to have more clinical studies to the creation of antibodies and inhibitors for each stage of the cancer.

Also the finding that some damages occur at the genomic, ribonucleic and progenital levels have developed new methodologies of genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics to provide significant potential for prognosis and individual therapy! The future is the personalized treatment!

Thank you for reading...
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