PANAMA (disease)

PANAMA disease, likewise called banana wilt, a staggering illness of bananas caused by the dirt possessing parasite species Fusarium oxysporum forma specialis cubense. Panama malady, a type of fusarium shrink, is across the board all through the tropics and can be discovered wherever vulnerable banana cultivars are developed. Famously hard to control, the malady demolished worldwide manors of the Gros Michel banana in the 1950s and '60s, which had overwhelmed the business until its ruin. Its substitution, the cutting edge Cavendish, has been undermined with a strain of the sickness known as Tropical Race (TR) 4 since the 1990s.

The Fusarium growth attacks youthful roots or root bases, regularly through injuries. A few diseases advance into the rhizome (rootlike stem), trailed by fast attack of the rootstock and leaf bases. Spread happens through vascular packs, which progress toward becoming stained darker or dim red, lastly purplish or dark. The external edges of more established leaves turn yellow. Inside a month or two, everything except the most youthful leaves turn yellow, shrink, crumple, and hang descending, covering the storage compartment (pseudostem) with dead dark colored takes off. Every single over-the-ground part are inevitably slaughtered, albeit crisp shoots may frame at the base. These later shrivel and the whole plant bites the dust, as a rule inside quite a while. The Fusarium organism at that point keeps on flourishing in encompassing soil, keeping the accomplishment of future plantings.

In spite of the fact that the best long haul control is to breed and develop very safe cultivars, most bananas are sterile and are developed clonally, making the advancement of new, safe cultivars troublesome. The pathogen can't be completely controlled with soil fungicides or fumigants.