Electric cars - mistries,myth and the science

Hey guys,it me again with the last and main part of my technology post trilogy.
You guys must be wondering if you can get a car that doesn't run on gas and is environment friendly,yeah you can and that brings about the Electric cars.

Electric car are making big waves in the automobile world,these cars are noise free, pollution free and have high performance capabilities.

HISTORY OF ELECTRIC CARS
Electric cars are actually a lot older than you might think of.
In the year 1834,

Professor Sibrandus Stratingh
and his assistant
Christopher Becker created a small scale
Electric car
that ran on Non-rechargeable primary cells.In 1891 William Morrison built the
first successful Electric car and by 1897, most of New York’s taxis were electric powered.

HOW ELECTRIC CARS WORKS

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Electric cars uses batteries and the most common kind are the rechargeable lithium ion batteries, as they are good in conducting electricity,but,they are very expensive to produce(reason why electric cars cost more than conventional vehicles).

The electricity in the batteries is delivered inside the motor, Inside the motor there are two kinds of magnets whose opposite forces creates motion, this movement then causes the wheels of the car to turn(rotate).
To know more about the batteries of Electric cars,read my previous post on Car batteries
The electric cars use 95% of available energy in motion compared to conventional vehicles that uses just 30% in an internal combustion engine.
Electric cars have fewer components than normal gasoline vehicles which makes it require less maintenance,but there is a downside to electric cars cause they need regular recharge of the batteries which can last for about 100 to 200 km/hr.

HOW DOES THE ELECTRIC CAR MOVES
The electric car moves by the means of induction motor.

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The induction motor was invented by the great scientist

Nikola Tesla
about a 100 years ago,this motor type is the most common motor type even today.The motor consist of two parts

• Rotor
• Stator

The rotor is a non-stationary part of an electromagnetic system in the electric motor. Its a series of conduction bars short circuited at both ends. Electricity is induced on the rotor with the help of magnetic induction rather than direct connection
The stator is the stationary part unlike to rotor. The stator is basically a three coil winding and three phase AC power input,the winding passes through the slots in the stator. When a three phase current is passed through the winding,it produces a rotating magnetic field (R.M.F), this R.M.F of the stator is what then causes the charged rotor to move.

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The rotor is just behind the R.M.F. The speed of the rotor is determined by the frequency of the AC current through the stator, so when you hit the gas,you are actually increasing the frequency of current. So an inverter switches the DC from the battery to an alternating current which drives the motor. The amplitude of the current determines the power output of the rotor.
The rotor and the stator are not in any form of contact so there is less issue of wear out,this could make the Electric car go up to 18,000 RPM unlike that of the conventional vehicles that can only go up to 8,000 RPM due to wearing out.

PROS AND CONS OF THE ELECTRIC CARS

1. The engine of an electric car weighs about 32kg and can generate about 362 horsepower unlike the conventional cars engine that weighs up to 273kg,but there is a battery that weighs about 544kg.
2. Electric cars have better mileage power than conventional vehicles
3. The engine of the Electric cars and the Batteries are liquid cooled.
4. The Electric cars are more expensive than the conventional cars.
5. The Electric car has no exhaust and so it is environmental friendly.
6. Electric cars have limited range on a full charge of the battery,it can go up to 200 km on one full charge.
7. The charge time for the Electric car is too high.
8. The Electric car has less moving parts.
9. It uses renewable energy such as solar energy to charge.

FACT
50% of the global Electric powered consumption is due to induction motor.