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Below, I will string up the entire process to see how Bitcoin completes a transaction.
A transaction is the bitcoin of one address, transferred to another address. Since all bitcoin transaction records are public, it is possible to check how many bitcoins which address owns. Therefore, whether the paying party has enough Bitcoin to complete the transaction can be easily verified.
The problem is how to prevent others from fraudulently using your name to declare transactions. For example, someone declares a transaction: Address A pays 10 Bitcoins to address B. How do I know that this declaration is true and that the declarant is the owner of address A?
The Bitcoin agreement stipulates that in addition to the transaction amount, the party that transfers Bitcoin must also provide the following data when reporting a transaction.
Hash of the last transaction (where did you get these bitcoins)
The addresses of both parties in this transaction
Payer's public key
Digital signature generated by the private key of the payer
It takes three steps to verify whether this transaction is true.
The first step is to find the last transaction and confirm the source of Bitcoin of the payer.
The second step is to calculate the fingerprint of the payer's public key and confirm that it is consistent with the payer's address to ensure that the public key is true.
The third step is to use the public key to unlock the digital signature to ensure that the private key is authentic.
After the above three steps, the transaction can be determined to be real.