Visiting the sacred and secret Fujian Nanjing Tulou Travelogue探访神密的福建南靖土楼旅行游记17

Nanjing in Fujian is known as the "Tulou Kingdom". It has been described as "a unique and mythical model of mountain village architecture in the world". As early as eleven centuries ago, the industrious and intelligent people of Nanjing created a unique Tulou culture in various settlements. There are now more than 1,500 Tulou buildings, of which more than 20 are more than 500 years old. Most of them are round and square, making them the most densely populated area of traditional rammed earth dwellings in China. These earthen buildings are typical masterpieces of Fujian's dwellings, with their functions of gathering clans together, safety and defense, wind and earthquake resistance, wind and moisture protection, and warmth in winter and coolness in summer.福建南靖号称"土楼王国"。被誉为"世界上独一无二的神话般的山村建筑模式"。早在十一世纪以前,勤劳聪慧的南靖人民就在各聚居点创造了独树一帜的土楼文化。现存土楼1500多座,其中500年以上历史的有20多座。其形态多呈圆形、方形,是中国传统夯土民居系列最密集的地域。这些土楼具有聚族而居、安全防卫、防风抗震、防风防潮、冬暖夏凉等功能，是福建民居的典型杰作。

The presence of the Tulou in the mountains of southwest Fujian has brought the land to life
闽西南的崇山峻岭中，因有土楼存在，让这片土地充满了生活气息

These earthen buildings are typical masterpieces of Fujian's dwellings, with their functions of gathering clans together, safety and security, wind and earthquake resistance, wind and moisture protection, and warmth in winter and coolness in summer这些土楼具有聚族而居、安全防卫、防风抗震、防风防潮、冬暖夏凉等功能，是福建民居的典型杰作

The harmony of several earthen buildings creates the beauty of an architectural complex
若干土楼的和谐错落，形成建筑群的美感

In July 2008, Fujian Tulou was officially inscribed on the World Heritage List, and in 2010 it was listed as a national 4A-class tourist attraction, and in 2011 Fujian Tulou Nanjing Scenic Area was awarded another prize and was successfully promoted to a national 5A-class scenic spot.
2008年07月福建土楼被正式列入《世界遗产名录》，2010被列为国家4A级旅游景区，2011福建土楼南靖景区再获殊荣 成功晋级国家5A级景区

The origin of the Hakka name is that the people who moved here to escape the war were called guests, i.e. Hakka, but of course, they were also Han Chinese
客家人名字的来历，原来是为了躲避战乱，迁居到这里的人被称作客人，即客家人，当然他们也是汉族人

Nanjing Tulou is located in Nanjing, Zhangzhou City, and is famous for its long history, large number, grand scale, strange shape, and unique style, and is known as "fabulous mountain architecture".
南靖土楼遍布漳州市南靖，土楼以历史悠久、数量众多、规模宏大、造型奇异、风格独特而闻名于世，被誉为“神话般的山区建筑”

Nanjing Tulou is a unique and magical mountain residential building in the world, a marvelous piece of Chinese ancient architecture
南靖土楼是世界上独一无二的神奇的山区民居建筑，是中国古建筑的一朵奇葩

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), Stevens Koo, said: "This is a unique building. According to Stevens Andrian, "This is a mythical model of mountain village architecture that is unique in the world". Japanese architects say, "A flying saucer falling from the sky, a mushroom growing on the ground."
联合国科教文组织顾文史蒂文斯.安德然称:“这是世界上独一无二的神话般的山村建筑模式”。日本建筑学家称:“天上掉下的飞碟，地上长出的蘑菇。”

The Tianluokeng Tulou Complex mainly consists of one square building, three-round buildings, and one oval building, namely Bu Yun Lou, Zhen Chang Lou, Rui Yun Lou, and He Chang Lou. The locals jokingly call it, "four dishes and one soup"
田螺坑土楼群主要由一座方楼、三座圆楼、一座椭圆楼组成，分别是步云楼、振昌楼、瑞云楼、和昌楼。当地人戏称：“四菜一汤”

The buildings are generally three to five stories high, with the ground floor being a kitchen, the second a storehouse, and the third floor and above a living room, which can house 200 to 700 people
土楼一般高三至五层，一层为厨房，二层为仓库，三层以上为起居室，可居住200至700人

Tulou originated from the barracks, castles, and cottages of Chen Yuanguang during the opening of Zhangzhou in the Tang Dynasty, and is a product of the special social environment of the southern Fujian region, which has been characterized by the "in and out of foreign invasions and internal strife of the villains" since the Tang Dynasty
土楼起源于唐朝陈元光开漳时的兵营、城堡和山寨，是闽南地区自唐以来“外寇之出入，蟊贼之内讧”的特殊社会环境的产物

The center of the building is usually a communal courtyard, while the interior of the building is dominated by bedrooms, which are built around and towards the center. This style of architecture reflects the family cohesion of the local people
土楼中心一般是一个公共院落，建筑内部则以卧室为主，环绕围拢、向心而建。这种建筑样式体现了当地人的家族凝聚力

Tulou exhibits a clear network of social relations between the inside and outside, making it somewhat of a symbol of conservatism and closure
土楼展示出明确的内外有别的社会关系网，让土楼在某种程度上成为保守、封闭的象征

In the 1960s and 1970s, through satellite photographs, the Tulou was misidentified by the CIA as a large nuclear base, a misunderstanding that made the Tulou complex famous
在上世纪六七十年代，通过卫星照片，土楼曾被美国中央情报局误判为大型核基地，这个误会让土楼群名扬天下

Tulou is made of raw earth, mixed with lime, fine sand, glutinous rice, brown sugar, bamboo pieces, and wooden strips, which are repeatedly kneaded, pounded, and rammed into place
土楼以生土为主要材料，掺上石灰、细砂、糯米饭、红糖、竹片、木条等，经反复揉、舂压、夯筑而成

The most distinctive feature of a Hakka Tulou is its 'closedness', a round or square building with only one door on the front, through which the occupants have to pass to enter and leave the building.
客家土楼的最大特点是其“封闭性”，一座圆形或是方形的楼，一般只在正面开一道门，楼内住户进出均要经过此门

Old school friends meet at Nanjing Tulou
老同学相聚南靖土楼

The village of Tuxia in Nanjing County is particularly unusual in that it not only has unforgettable monolithic buildings, but also has a complex of buildings that are lined up in a row and, more unusually, a stream that seems to descend from the sky and runs through the village, giving it an unparalleled aura.
位于南靖县的塔下村则尤其与众不同，她不仅具有让人过目不忘的单体建筑，又有鳞次栉比的楼群景观，更难得的是，一条恰似从天而降的溪水穿村而过，赋予了塔下村无与伦比的灵气。