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🌟Summary of EEG Frequency Bands:
Altered States 101
The basic EEG rhythms are summarized briefly as follows, with regard to their typical distribution on the scalp, subject states, tasks, physiological correlates, and the effects of training. This summary should be taken as a general roadmap, not as fixed and hard rules.
Delta (0.1-3 Hz):
Distribution: generally broad or diffused, may be bilateral, widespread
Subjective feeling states: deep, dreamless sleep, non-REM sleep, trance, unconscious
Associated tasks & behaviors: lethargic, not moving, not attentive
Physiological correlates: not moving, low-level of arousal
Effects of Training: can induce drowsiness, trance, deeply relaxed states
Theta (4-7 Hz):
Distribution: usually regional, may involve many lobes, can be lateralized or diffuse;
Subjective feeling states: intuitive, creative, recall, fantasy, imagery, creative, dreamlike, switching thoughts, drowsy; "oneness", "knowing"
Associated tasks & behaviors: creative, intuitive; but may also be distracted, unfocused
Physiological correlates: healing, integration of mind/body
Effects of Training: if enhanced, can induce drifting, trancelike state. if suppressed, can improve concentration, ability to focus attention
Alpha (8-12 Hz):
Distribution: regional, usually involves entire lobe; strong occipital w/eyes closed
Subjective feeling states: relaxed, not agitated, but not drowsy; tranquil, conscious
Associated tasks & behaviors: meditation, no action
Physiological correlates: relaxed, healing
Effects of Training: can produce relaxation
Subband low alpha: 8-10: inner-awareness of self, mind/body integration, balance
Subband high alpha: 10-12: centering, healing, mind/body connection
Beta (above 12 Hz)
The beta band has a relatively large range, and has been defined as anything above the alpha band.
Low Beta (12-15 Hz), formerly "SMR": (That's: "Sensory - Motor - Rhythm" ^_^)
Distribution: localized by side and by lobe (frontal, occipital, etc)
Subjective feeling states:relaxed yet focused, integrated
Associated tasks & behaviors: low SMR can reflect "ADD", lack of focused attention
Physiological correlates: is inhibited by motion; restraining body may increase SMR
Effects of Training: increasing SMR can produce relaxed focus, improved attentive abilities, may remediate ADD.
Midrange Beta (15-18 Hz)
Distribution: localized, over various areas. May be focused on one electrode.
Subjective feeling states: thinking, aware of self & surroundings
Associated tasks & behaviors: mental activity
Physiological correlates: alert, active, but not agitated
Effects of Training: can increase mental ability, focus, alertness, IQ
High Beta (above 18 Hz):
Distribution: localized, may be very focused.
Subjective feeling states: alertness, agitation
Associated tasks & behaviors: mental activity, e.g. math, planning, etc.
Physiological correlates: general activation of mind & body functions.
Effects of Training: can induce alertness, but may also produce agitation, etc.
Gamma (40 Hz):
Distribution: very localized
Subjective feeling states: thinking; integrated thought
Associated tasks & behaviors: high-level information processing, "binding."
Physiological correlates: associated with information-rich task processing
Effects of Training: not known
~Courtesy of Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D.
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