Vue入门操作实例

in vue •  6 years ago 

最近闲着无事和朋友做个小应用，需要开发网页，虽然以前团队都用过VUE、React等框架，但自己却没有写过一行前端网页代码，个人觉得也是应该提高的，正好借机练练手。

做一个“我的训练”页面

需要做的页面效果图如下：

布局

几种布局方法：

  1. 直接手写，适合对HTML和CSS都比较熟悉的人
  2. 找类似网页进行修改
  3. 用网页软件制作类似页面后修改

我对CSS并不太熟悉，用的是第2种方法，找到一个类似页面来修改

第一版

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        body{font-family: "微软雅黑";font-size: 14px;background: #eeeeee}
        input{font-size: 14px;}
        body,ul,div,html{padding: 0;margin: 0;}
        .hidden{display: none;}
        .main{margin: 0 auto;padding:5px;}
        li{list-style-type: none;position: relative;border: 1px solid transparent;padding: 0 20px;background:#fff;border-radius:5px;margin-bottom: 5px}
        li:hover{border: 1px solid #09f;}
        li:hover .close{display: block;}
        li div{display: block;}

        .date {font-family: PingFangSC-Medium;font-size: 20px;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;line-height: 20px;float:left;margin-left: 10px;margin-right: 10px;margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px}
        .name {font-family: PingFangSC-Regular;font-size: 14px;color: #FFFFFF;line-height: 14px;}
        .name_bk {background: #DCDFE6;border-radius: 10px;float:left;line-height: 20px;margin-left: 10px;margin-right: 10px;margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;padding-top: 2px;padding-bottom: 2px;}
        .div_title {clear:both;margin-bottom: 20px;}
        .title {font-family: PingFangSC-Regular;font-size: 14px;color: #999999;line-height: 14px;margin-left:10px;}
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app" class="main">
    <div class="myinfo">
        <h3>我的名称</h3>
    </div>
    <ul>
        <li >
            <div>
                <div>
                <span class="date">2018.12.31</span>
                </div>

                <div class="name_bk">
                <span class="name">训练营名称</span>
                </div>

                <div class="div_title">
                <span class="title">路易斯湖滑雪场，班夫，阿尔伯特省加拿大</span>
                </div>
            </div>
        </li>
        <li >
            <div>
                <div>
                <span class="date">2018.12.31</span>
                </div>

                <div class="name_bk">
                <span class="name">训练营名称</span>
                </div>

                <div class="div_title">
                <span class="title">路易斯湖滑雪场，班夫，阿尔伯特省加拿大</span>
                </div>
            </div>
        </li>
    </ul>
</div>
</body>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
    new Vue({
        el: "#app",
        data: {
        },
        computed:{
        },
        methods:{
        },
        mounted(){
        },
        directives:{
        }
    });
</script>
</html>

div等布局不熟悉，查找不少资料来看怎么在同一行怎么换行，margin、padding、border-radius等属性，CSS属性也直接用的全局的，先测试一下怎么用吧。

通过以上代码把列表显示出来和效果图差不多了。

页面最上面部分是一张图片、一个名字、一个按钮，试着加下图片和按钮。

第二版

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        body{font-family: "微软雅黑";font-size: 14px;background: #eeeeee}
        input{font-size: 14px;}
        body,ul,div,html{padding: 0;margin: 0;}
        .hidden{display: none;}
        .main{margin: 0 auto;padding:5px;}
        li{list-style-type: none;position: relative;border: 1px solid transparent;padding: 0 20px;background:#fff;border-radius:4px;margin-bottom: 5px}
        li:hover{border: 1px solid #09f;}
        li:hover .close{display: block;}
        li div{display: block;}

        .myinfo {padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; padding-left: 20px;height: 48px;}
        .date {font-family: PingFangSC-Medium;font-size: 20px;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;line-height: 20px;float:left;margin-left: 10px;margin-right: 10px;margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px}
        .name {font-family: PingFangSC-Regular;font-size: 14px;color: #FFFFFF;line-height: 14px;}
        .name_bk {background: #DCDFE6;border-radius: 10px;float:left;line-height: 20px;margin-left: 10px;margin-right: 10px;margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;padding-top: 2px;padding-bottom: 2px;}
        .div_title {clear:both;margin-bottom: 20px;}
        .title {font-family: PingFangSC-Regular;font-size: 14px;color: #999999;line-height: 14px;margin-left:10px;}

        .addtraining_bk {background: #03A8E7;border-radius: 16px;float:left;width:100px;height: 32px;line-height:32px;margin-right: 10px;margin-top:10px;}
        .div_title {clear:both;margin-bottom: 20px;}
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app" class="main">
    <div class="myinfo">
        <div style="float:left;height:48px;margin-right: 10px;">
        <im g src="assets/head.jpg" width=48px height=48px/>
        </div>
        <div style="float:left;line-height:48px;">
        <span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Regular;font-size: 16px;color: #909399;">我的名称</span>
        </div>
        <div style="float:right;line-height:48px">
        <div class="addtraining_bk">
        <span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Medium;font-size: 12px;color: #FFFFFF;letter-spacing: 0;line-height: 32px;margin:0 20px;">+添加训练</span>
        </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <ul>
        <li >
            <div>
                <div>
                <span class="date">2018.12.31</span>
                </div>

                <div class="name_bk">
                <span class="name">训练营名称</span>
                </div>

                <div class="div_title">
                <span class="title">路易斯湖滑雪场，班夫，阿尔伯特省加拿大</span>
                </div>
            </div>
        </li>
        <li >
            <div>
                <div>
                <span class="date">2018.12.31</span>
                </div>

                <div class="name_bk">
                <span class="name">训练营名称</span>
                </div>

                <div class="div_title">
                <span class="title">路易斯湖滑雪场，班夫，阿尔伯特省加拿大</span>
                </div>
            </div>
        </li>
    </ul>
</div>
</body>

增加图片、名称、按钮后，与设计稿更接近了，效果如下：

测试图片没用带透明色的图片，因为正式以后都是读用户设置的图片，“+添加训练”前面的“+”号用的是文字，显示效果有些差异，细化时再修改。

该整理下CSS了，以上两版CSS用得比较乱，虽然不熟悉也可以整理得更舒服一些，我先看看CSS去。

第三版

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        body{font-family: "微软雅黑";font-size: 14px;background: #eeeeee}
        body,ul,div,html{padding: 0;margin: 0;}
        #app {margin: 0 auto;padding:5px;}

        li{list-style-type: none;position: relative;border: 1px solid transparent;padding: 0 20px;background:#fff;border-radius:4px;margin-bottom: 8px;}
        li:hover{border: 1px solid #09f;}

        .myinfo {padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; padding-left: 20px;height: 48px;}
        .myinfo div {float:left;height:48px;margin-right: 10px;}
        .myinfo .myinfo_name {font-family: PingFangSC-Regular;font-size: 16px;color: #909399;line-height: 48px;}
        .myinfo .myinfo_action {background: #03A8E7;border-radius: 16px;width:100px;height: 32px;line-height:32px;margin-right: 10px;margin-top:10px;font-family: PingFangSC-Medium;font-size: 12px;color: #FFFFFF;letter-spacing: 0;line-height: 32px;margin:0 20px;float:right;text-align:center;}
        .myinfo .myinfo_plus {font-size: 18px;margin-right: 5px;}

        .item_date {font-family: PingFangSC-Medium;font-size: 20px;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;line-height: 20px;float:left;margin-left: 10px;margin-right: 10px;margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px}
        .item_name {font-family: PingFangSC-Regular;color: #FFFFFF;line-height: 14px;background: #DCDFE6;border-radius: 10px;float:left;line-height: 20px;margin-left: 10px;margin-right: 10px;margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;padding-top: 2px;padding-bottom: 2px;}
        .item_position {clear:both;margin-bottom: 20px;font-family: PingFangSC-Regular;font-size: 14px;color: #999999;line-height: 20px;margin-left:10px;}
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <div class="myinfo">
        <div><im g src="assets/head.jpg" width=48px height=48px/></div>
        <div class="myinfo_name">我的名称</div>
        <div class="myinfo_action"><sapn class="myinfo_plus">+</sapn>添加训练</div>
    </div>

    <ul>
        <li >
            <div>
                <div class="item_date">2018.12.31</div>
                <div class="item_name">训练营名称</div>
                <div class="item_position">路易斯湖滑雪场，班夫，阿尔伯特省加拿大</div>
            </div>
        </li>
        <li >
            <div>
                <div class="item_date">2018.12.31</div>
                <div class="item_name">训练营名称</div>
                <div class="item_position">路易斯湖滑雪场，班夫，阿尔伯特省加拿大</div>
            </div>
        </li>
    </ul>
</div>
</body>

熟悉了下CSS和HTML，把一些不需要的span、div元素干掉，整理下css属性，代码清晰多了，效果如下：

VUE支持

Vue简单看过一些，对我来说编程代码比布局代码要简单一些

先在页面增加脚本，引用vue，如下：

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
    new Vue({
        el: "#app",
        data: {
        },
        computed:{
        },
        methods:{
        },
        mounted(){
        },
        directives:{
        }
    });
</script>

增加名字变量、按钮响应、列表，图片先不处理，增加Vue代码后完整代码如下：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        body{font-family: "微软雅黑";font-size: 14px;background: #eeeeee}
        body,ul,div,html{padding: 0;margin: 0;}
        #app {margin: 0 auto;padding:5px;}

        li{list-style-type: none;position: relative;border: 1px solid transparent;padding: 0 20px;background:#fff;border-radius:4px;margin-bottom: 8px;}
        li:hover{border: 1px solid #09f;}

        .myinfo {padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; padding-left: 20px;height: 48px;}
        .myinfo div {float:left;height:48px;margin-right: 10px;}
        .myinfo .myinfo_name {font-family: PingFangSC-Regular;font-size: 16px;color: #909399;line-height: 48px;}
        .myinfo .myinfo_action {background: #03A8E7;border-radius: 16px;width:100px;height: 32px;line-height:32px;margin-right: 10px;margin-top:10px;font-family: PingFangSC-Medium;font-size: 12px;color: #FFFFFF;letter-spacing: 0;line-height: 32px;margin:0 20px;float:right;text-align:center;}
        .myinfo .myinfo_plus {font-size: 18px;margin-right: 5px;}

        .item_date {font-family: PingFangSC-Medium;font-size: 20px;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;line-height: 20px;float:left;margin-left: 10px;margin-right: 10px;margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px}
        .item_name {font-family: PingFangSC-Regular;color: #FFFFFF;line-height: 14px;background: #DCDFE6;border-radius: 10px;float:left;line-height: 20px;margin-left: 10px;margin-right: 10px;margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;padding-top: 2px;padding-bottom: 2px;}
        .item_position {clear:both;margin-bottom: 20px;font-family: PingFangSC-Regular;font-size: 14px;color: #999999;line-height: 20px;margin-left:10px;}
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <div class="myinfo">
        <div><im g src="assets/head.jpg" width=48px height=48px/></div>
        <div class="myinfo_name">{{myName}}</div>
        <div class="myinfo_action" @click='addTraining()'><sapn class="myinfo_plus">+</sapn>添加训练</div>
    </div>

    <ul>
        <li v-for="item in training_list">
            <div>
                <div class="item_date">{{item.date}}</div>
                <div class="item_name">{{item.name}}</div>
                <div class="item_position">{{item.pos}}</div>
            </div>
        </li>
    </ul>
</div>
</body>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
    new Vue({
        el: "#app",
        data: {
            myName: "单板八级",
            training_list:[
                {date:"2019.01.01", name:"瑞士专业训练营", pos:"路易斯湖滑雪场，班夫，阿尔伯特省加拿大"},
                {date:"2018.12.12", name:"万龙预备营", pos:"万龙滑雪场，中国"}
            ],
        },
        computed:{
        },
        methods:{
            addTraining() {
                    this.training_list.push({
                    date: "2019.1.2",
                    name: "北京vue测试营",
                    pos: "朝阳，北京，中国"
                });
            }
        },
        mounted(){
        },
        directives:{
        }
    });
</script>
</html>

显示效果如下：

这样名称、列表都是从Vue数据中获取，也可以改成从服务端获取。

“添加训练”也能响应了，只是没有做响应效果处理。

结论

Vue的双向绑定，建立好DOM和数据的关系后，只需要对数据进行操作，能减少界面交互的一些干扰，开发起来还是比较顺手。

对于没有WEB开发经验的开发者来说，使用Vue难处主要在以下几个方面，需要重点突破：

  1. HTML、CSS相关语法和使用，这点决定了页面的布局；
  2. Vue的理解和用法，熟悉下Vue的实现原理对理解各处分开的代码、数据与DOM关系很有帮助。
  3. js的语法和使用，一些复杂的实现可能对js要求更高；

参考

https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1610567847045674577&wfr=spider&for=pc

http://www.w3school.com.cn/tags/tag_div.asp

http://www.divcss5.com/shouce/d_layout.shtml

http://www.w3school.com.cn/cssref/index.asp

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