Healthcare
Expert Systems are (among others) used for medical diagnosis, and for identifying diseases. One of the most important advantages is that Expert Systems can consider more facts than a human. Expert Systems can be applied for medical treatment as well, for example, blood pressure control. The performance of Expert Systems in this area is similar to traditional controllers, but it is more intuitive and easier to implement and design. The third application of Expert Systems in healthcare is the medical prognosis. It means the machine can give a forecast of the probable course or disease. (Bryant, 2001)
The creation of expert systems required great expertise in the medical field. Up to 2 million rules had to be implemented, and the creation of an expert system could take years (even more than 5 years). (Kinney, 1987)
Finance
Expert Systems are applied to predict stock market prices. In the 1990s these kinds of systems were able to achieve a high hit ratio and probably provide high profit for the investors. Based on many different company data (number and type of company experts, market position, business reputation, marketing, etc.), expert systems are able to estimate the current value of a company, predict its future value, and evaluate the company based on whether it can be recommended for investment, and can also estimate the level of risk. (Nedović, et al., 2002)
Banks and other financial institutes developed many different Expert Systems. It was very very popular in the case of loan evaluation. (Bryant, 2001)
Business
A knowledge-based approach is a tool for business process reengineering or document management and information retrieval. The goal of this was to assist a human expert in finding relevant information in documents. (Nurminen, et al., 2003)
Expert systems can also be used to analyze a company’s internal business development opportunities. For example, in the case of developing a new product or improving the results of an existing product, you can take into account various factors (results seen with other companies’ products, results experienced with your own products, prices, quality, etc.)
Expert systems are also suitable for business education, as knowledge and experience can be implemented and stored in them, which can be further developed later. (Nedović, et al., 2002)
Another application of Expert System can be the automation of project planning and project tracking. (Nurminen, et al., 2003)
Industry
A very popular application of a Knowledge-based System is in a control system of technical plants or even power plants.
Another case of applied AI in the industry is planning for example: generating a plan that is composed of operator schemata which are actions. Schemata describe actions from their preconditions and effects. (Hendler, et al., 1990)
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References
Kinney, E. L., 1987. Medical Expert Systems
Bryant, K., 2001. ALEES: an agricultural loan evaluation expert system. Expert Systems with Applications.
Nurminen, J. K., Karonen, O. & Hatonen, K., 2003. What makes expert systems survive over 10 years — empirical evaluation of several engineering applications. Expert Systems with Applications
Hendler, J., Tate, A. & Drummond, M., 1990. AI Planning: Systems and Techniques. AI Magazine
Nedović, L., Devedžić, V. 2002. Expert systems in finance — a cross-section of the field. Expert Systems with Applications