Author: Derek Hill is professor of Digital Health and Director of Enterprise at UCL, London.
Artificial Intelligence is undergoing a transformation, as AI technologies can now generate content (documents, images, movies etc) that can be indistinguishable from content generated by human experts. Such AI technologies can generate output that is highly plausible, but may not be accurate or real. This has raised many concerns about how AI should be regulated. For many applications of AI in healthcare, however, regulations already exist. Where an AI device is used to prevent, diagnose, or treat a disease, it is covered by the medical device regulations that require not just that the output is “plausible” but that the that device benefits are demonstrated to outweigh risks, and that residual risks are well managed in clinical use. The medical device regulatory framework is already being updated to take account of AI and provides useful framework to ensure that AI entering healthcare with appropriate controls in place.
Artificiel Intelligence becomes Mainstream.
The last 18 months have seen a dramatic increase in public interest in artificial intelligence (AI). There has been a huge amount of coverage in the media about recent developments in artificial intelligence – especially generative AI such as the large language models used in the Chat-GPT software. Many argue that AI algorithms can now generate output that is indistinguishable from human-expert created content, and is therefore poised to transform all our lives, for the better or worse.
Just a few years ago, there was debate about whether or not to regulate artificial intelligence – and much criticism was directed at the European Union proposing the first regulatory framework for AI (the AI act) in April 2021, on the grounds that this could stifle innovation. But in the last 12 months, as a result of rapid technological process and raising public awareness, the debate has shifted from whether to regulate AI, to how to regulate AI. There are increasing concerns that, unless properly regulated, AI could soon start having negative impacts on our quality of life. In late 2023, many world leaders responded to recent developments in AI, for example President Biden’s executive order on AI, and an AI Safety Summit in Bletchley Park hosted by UK Prime minister Rishi Sunak, attended by many business and political leaders.
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