Development of the Android System - The history of the Android operating system was first founded in 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears , and Chris White . Android was created to compete with popular operating systems at that time such as Symbian and Windows Mobile. When it was first formed, the Android operating system had experienced ups and downs. Until August 2005, Google officially acquired Android and made it a wholly owned subsidiary of Google.
The Android team led by Andy Rubin then developed the Android system so that it could run on the Linux Kernel-based mobile device platform. Through Android, Google plans to enter the world cellphone market. Until finally in October 2008, Google officially introduced the Hp product with its first Android operating system in collaboration with HTC, namely the HTC Dream. After that, in 2010, Google officially released the Nexus, which is an Android cellphone produced by 3 partners, namely HTC, LG and Samsung.
Since April 2009, the Android version was developed under a code name named after desserts and confectionery. Each version was released in alphabetical order, namely Astro (1.0), Bender (1.1), Cupcake (1.5), Donut (1.6), Eclair (2.0-2.1), Froyo (2.2-2.2.3), Gingerbread (2.3– 2.3.7), Honeycomb (3.0–3.2.6), Ice Cream Sandwich (4.0–4.0.4), Jelly Bean (4.1–4.3), KitKat (4.4+), Lollipop (5.0+), Marshmallow (6.0+) , Nougat (7.0+) and Android Oreo (8.0+), and the latest is Android Pie (9.0+).
1. Android 1.0 Astro
It was first released on 23 September 2008. Actually, the first version of Android will be called "Astro" but due to copyright reasons and the trademark name "Astro" is not embedded in the first version of this Android OS. The HTC Dream is the first mobile phone to use this OS.
2. Android 1.1 Bender
First released on February 9, 2009. This second version of Android is again having the same naming problem as the first version. Initially, Android will be named "Bender" but for reasons of violating the trademark, the name "Bender" is not embedded in this Android version. Initially this Android OS version was released for T-Mobile G1 devices only. This version is an update to fix some bugs, replace the API and add some features.
3. Android 1.5 Cupcake
The first time it was released on April 30, 2009. Now, starting from this Android version, naming using the name dessert began to be used, because this is the third version, the naming begins with the letter "C" and so "Cupcake" becomes the official name of the version. This third Android OS. This earliest version of the operating system has features that are said to be common today such as the ability to record and watch videos in camera mode, upload videos to Youtube and images to Picasa directly from the phone, Bluetooth A2DP support, the ability to automatically connect to a Bluetooth headset, screen animation , and an on-screen keyboard that can be customized with the system.
4. Android 1.6 Donut
First released on 15 September 2009. There are improvements in the search feature and a more user friendly UI. This version also supports CDMA / EVDO, 802.1x, VPNs technology. The donut marks the point where Android can already be embedded in devices with several different screen sizes. In addition, to make it easier for users to explore the mobile interface, a new feature appears in the form of a search box on the home screen.
5. Android 2.0-2.1 Eclair
On December 3, 2009, the Android phone version 2.0 / 2.1 Eclair was launched again, bringing for the first time a new feature to make it easier for users to travel, namely Google Maps . The map feature, which will be very popular, comes complete with turn-by-turn navigation and voice guidance , which is still around today. UI changes with a new browser and HTML5 support, a new contact list, flash support for the 3.2 MP camera, digital zoom, and Bluetooth 2.1. Some versions of the update are between Android v.2.0 then v2.0.2 and finally v.2.1.
6. Android 2.2 Froyo (Frozen Yoghurt)
On May 20, 2010, Android version 2.2 (Froyo) was launched. General changes to previous versions include support for Adobe Flash 10.1, performance and application speeds 2 to 5 times faster, the integration of the V8 JavaScript engine used by Google Chrome which accelerates rendering capabilities on the browser, application installation on the SD Card, WiFi capabilities. Portable hotspot, and auto update capability in Android Market applications.
7. Android 2.3 Gingerbread
On December 6, 2010, Android version 2.3 (Gingerbread) was launched. General changes obtained from this version of Android include increased gaming capabilities, improved copy and paste function, redesigned user interface, support for VP8 and WebM video formats, new audio effects (reverb, equalization, headphones. virtualization, and bass boost), support for Near Field Communication (NFC) capabilities, and support for more than one camera number.
8. Android 3.0/3.1 Honeycomb
First introduced on February 22, 2011 and Motorola Xoom is the first to use it. This version of Android is an OS specially designed for optimized use on tablet PCs. Honeycomb also supports multi-processor and hardware acceleration for graphics. Honeycomb brings several changes compared to the Android OS for smartphones, such as the blue theme color - not green - and previews for widgets.
9. Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich
Announced on 19 October 2011, it brings Honeycomb features to smartphones and adds new features including facial recognition, network usage monitoring and control data, integrated social network contacts, photography enhancements, offline email search, and information sharing using NFC. .
10. Android 4.1 / 4.2 / 4.3 / Jelly Bean
The next Android Operating System in 2012 still has version number “4”, but has a new nickname, Jelly bean (version 4.1). This is where Google started implementing Google Now digital assistant technology which can be accessed with a swipe of the finger from the home screen. (version 4.2) Photo sphere feature for panaroma, daydream as a screensaver, power control, lock screen widget, running multiple users (on tablets only), new widgets. (version 4.3) Is an update from the previous android jelly bean which was released on July 24, 2013 in San Francisco. The 2nd generation Nexus 7 is the first smartphone to use this OS.
11. Android 4.4 KitKat
On September 3, 2013. Even though it was originally named "Key Lime Pie" ("KLP"), the name changed because "very few people really know the taste of key lime pie." The Android KitKat operating system brings many significant improvements. In this version, Google focuses on improving the user experience of Android users by increasing the performance of its operating system. KitKat debuted on the Google Nexus 5 on October 31, 2013, and is optimized to run on a greater range of devices than previous versions of Android, having 512 MB of RAM as the recommended minimum.
12. Android 5.0 Lollipop
Android Lollipop is the latest stable version with versions between 5.0 and 5.1. Inaugurated on June 25, 2014 at Google I / O, and officially available via the over-the-air (OTA) update on November 12, 2014, to select devices running the Android distribution served by Google (such as Nexus devices and Google Play edition) . One of the most notable changes in the Lollipop release was a redesigned user interface built in what the design language calls "material design". Other changes include improved notifications, which can be accessed from the lockscreen and displayed in a banner at the top of the screen.
13. Android 6.0 Marshmallow
Arrived in 2015, to get rid of Android users' disappointment with Lollipop, Android released a new operating system called Marshmallow. This operating system brings many new, more sophisticated features. Some of the new features in Marshmallow include: Doze to save battery, fingerprint sensor support for screen unlock, USB type C support, and a Multi-Window trial feature so users can use 2 different applications on 1 screen.
14. Android 7.0 Nougat
The 2016 Nougat (version 7.0) is one of the biggest upgrades to the Android operating system. The Nougat operating system is a development from Marshmallow. This Android version brings performance improvements and a more intuitive interface. In addition, the Multi-Window feature which was still in the trial phase before is now complete and supports more applications. With this feature, users can use 2 applications simultaneously, for example watching YouTube while replying to WhatsApp messages.
15. Android 8.0 Oreo
After Nougat, Android Oreo (version 8.0) released in 2017 added more multi-tasking features like Picture-in-Picture. The notification section was also overhauled. Users can set which notifications will be displayed and what the device does when presenting them. The appearance of Android Oreo is very different from its predecessor. The UI in the Oreo version is now cleaner and fresher. Its appearance is also more focused on making it easier for users to access applications and find the information they need.
16.Android 9.0 Pie
This is the development of the latest Android system which was just inaugurated in August 2018. Android Pie (version 9.0) replaces the three navigation buttons with a single ellipse-shaped button. The latest version of Android with the name Pie Pie brings a new leap in the history of the mobile operating system. Android Pie is supported by artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities. Thanks to AI, Android Phones are getting smarter because they can learn usage patterns automatically. Android Pie can adjust battery consumption to your daily routine.