At present, gene manipulation technology (DNA therapy) is gradually developed and widely used in industry and medicine. Due to the new progress of mRNA technology, RNA has become an attractive alternative for the development of DNA therapy, which can obtain particles with higher stability and translation efficiency. In recent years, Creative Biolabs has studied different modifications of mRNA cap structure to improve the properties of RNA.
Introduction of mRNA 5' Cap
All eukaryotic mRNA consists of a cap structure, an N7-methylguanosine, which is connected to the first nucleotide of the RNA by a reverse 5' to 5' triphosphate linkage. In addition to the important role of its cap-dependent protein synthesis promoter, the mRNA cap also serves as a protective group for exonuclease cleavage of 5' to 3' nucleic acids, and is the unique identifier for the recruitment of protein factors for pre-mRNA splicing, polyadenylation and nuclear output. It also functions as an anchor for the recruitment of promoters that initiate protein synthesis and the 5' to 3' looping of mRNA during translation. The mRNA 5ʹ cap regulates splicing, nuclear output, resistance to exonuclease degradation, and initiation of translation. In short, 5' cap has the following functions:
Regulation of nuclear export;
Prevention of degradation by exonucleases;
Promotion of translation;
Promotion of 5' proximal intron excision.
Learn more about mrna capping: https://mrna.creative-biolabs.com/mrna-5-capping.htm