Bitumen is a non-crystalline solid or viscous material having adhesive properties, derived from petroleum either by natural or refinery process. During this process, smaller amounts of crude oil like kerosene, fuel oil, spirit, and lubricating oil evaporate.
Bituminous materials were used for the construction of roads, preserving timber, and waterproofing stone walls. Nowadays, they are extensively used for surfacing roads and airport pavements.
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