1. Logical Truths
- A thing is equal to itself (( A = A )) – Law of Identity.
- A thing cannot both be and not be at the same time (( A \neq \text{not } A )) – Law of Non-Contradiction.
- Something must either be or not be (( A ) or ( \text{not } A )) – Law of the Excluded Middle.
2. Mathematical Truths
- ( 1 + 1 = 2 ).
- The angles of a triangle add up to ( 180^\circ ) (in Euclidean geometry).
- ( a^2 + b^2 = c^2 ) for right triangles (Pythagorean theorem).
3. Physical (Scientific) Truths
- Energy cannot be created or destroyed (First Law of Thermodynamics).
- The speed of light in a vacuum (( c )) is constant (( \approx 299,792,458 , \text{m/s} )).
- Matter and energy are interchangeable (( E = mc^2 )).
- The universe is governed by cause and effect.
4. Philosophical Truths
- Change is inevitable.
- Actions have consequences.
- Conscious experience exists ("I think, therefore I am").
5. Biological Truths
- Life requires energy to sustain itself.
- All living organisms eventually die.
- DNA is the blueprint of life (on Earth).
- Evolution through natural selection drives diversity and adaptation.
6. Cosmic Truths
- The universe is expanding.
- Gravity governs the motion of celestial bodies.
- Time moves forward.
7. Practical Truths
- Nothing is truly free; every action has a cost or trade-off.
- Cooperation enables survival and progress.
- Perception shapes reality for individuals.