我年少读《史记》时,常对太史司马公佩服不已,感慨司马公每遇历史大事,他老人家仿佛穿若回当初现场,站在旁边,一副镇静自若神、悠然自得,却又不慌不忙、秉笔记录,我常惊叹在其文笔之下,历史各种人物,栩栩如生,跃然纸上,读后让人不由感慨,恨不能生逢其时,如书中人物那般快哉!
后来我再读《资治通鉴》,也许是受《史记》的影响,开始时觉得《资治通鉴》枯燥无比,如同嚼蜡般索然无味,但后来随着年龄和阅历增长,深入读进去后,愈发觉得《资治通鉴》的伟大,其最可贵之处就是较为客观和严谨地记载了历史大事件,而不是带着浓烈的感情色彩。
我认为《史记》首先是一部伟大的文学作品,其次才是一部优秀的历史著作,而《资治通鉴》的的确确是部伟大的历史著作。如果从文学的角度来看,《史记》对人物的刻画可谓登峰造极,甚至开创了后代史书的很多先河,但《史记》中很多记载明显是不能当作真实历史来看的,或者你可以认为是传说,这点从其开始便能看出。
读历史,你不应怀着固有的答案去读历史,而是应该抱着问题去试图从历史中寻求你的答案,我们受传统教育太深,读书往往容易断章取义,看历史人物也常管中窥豹,自以为是,但凡深入了解后,你都会发现很多事情可能与我们学到的历史有很大出入,或者至少不是我们想象中那般是非黑白。
人常说,历史就像个小姑娘,任由后人打扮。我们读历史,就要自带卸妆水,把这个小姑娘的涂脂抹粉擦掉,尽可能用自己的眼光去看待她的本来面目,如果不一定能看清,至少也要较为全面、完整地去看。
读历史,你不能用现代人的思维和眼光去看,而应该尽可能从当时的环境和年代,甚至从历史人物的角度去考虑,这样你便会更加客观地还原和看待问题,而绝非一副高高在上、沙场秋点兵般高谈阔论人云亦云。
这里我举几个例子。
说到袁世凯,多数人对其的印象是反面的,认为他窃国大盗窃取了民国的胜利果实,说他是卖国贼。。。但如果你真正较为详细地了解过那段历史,尤其是了解袁的所作所为,包括其临死前的遗嘱安排,你就会发现袁其实是个很有能力的政治家、军事家,也是一个很有威望的领袖。认为袁是窃国大盗的人会认为袁窃取了共和胜利果实,但事实上是当时在南北力量悬殊、尤其是清朝还未实亡的情况下,以孙中山为代表主动放弃而让给袁的(当然个中也有一些缘由);说袁是卖国贼主要是基于跟日本二十一条 的签订,但如果你真的仔细阅读过《二十一条》的全文,以及了解当时的国力,和袁的所作所为,换做是你,你也许就不会再坚持那样认为了;但袁毕竟晚年犯了大糊涂,开了历史倒车,非得进行帝制,最终以失败告终,但如果你在了解袁临死前的遗嘱安排后,并未安排自己的后代继承,而是选择了有能力、有威望、有领导力的人徐世昌、黎元洪和段祺瑞来接班,你就会觉得袁其实也并没有那么坏,但袁终是因为改共和为帝制这一愚蠢的决定,而被后世人所鄙视,而袁也并非我们常所说“忧愤而死”,而是确诊死于尿毒症。
从前我读历史到陈炯民叛变,炮轰中山舰,跟孙中山分道扬镳,认为陈就是个叛徒,彻底背叛了革命,但后来读的多了,才发现事情远非描述那般简单,陈炯明的手下,事先通知了孙中山,然后才象征性地向中山舰方向开炮,如果是真的想炮轰,那估计伟人孙中山早已捐躯革命事业,也就不会有后来的多次革命了,而两人公开反目的原因其实也并非个人恩怨,而是陈炯明的“联省自治”主张同孙中山的中央集权理念不同,说到底,最多也是因为两人的治国思想不同而分道扬镳,中国人常说“道不同不相为谋”,至少陈是个诚恳的,言行一致的人,而绝非那种口上一套、私下另行一套、口蜜腹剑的小人,而事实上孙中山对陈的评价也是极高的,“陈炯明不好女色,不要舒服,吃苦俭朴,我也不如。”
很认真的逐字读完大伟哥的文章。
历史这个东西我是完全一头雾水的,我是理科生。我觉得历史记载有时候就是胜利者的笔记,未必是客观的,甚至未必真实。
读史的人,有时候要读很多史料去分析和判断一件史事的真伪和细节,还要考虑写史这个人的背景、立场和个性等因素,毕竟写史的未必绝对客观。
另外,即使是历史写得再真实和再清晰,也很难探测历史人物的内心。只从行为和一些语言来判断当事人心理活动,我可能略有偏颇。
袁世凯的例子这个也是有所了解的,陈炯民是从大伟哥这里新学的知识。我还读过一些孙中山的议论,其实孙中山也未必是多么的高尚,和他康有为各举一杆大旗,一个是民主共和,另一个是君主立宪。当然,前者胜利了,因为他的思想确实英明,所以被歌颂。袁世凯重新把帝制搬回历史舞台,所以在各种演义中被唾弃了吧。
历史就是这样,被胜利者放大着,包括他喜欢的,和他不喜欢的。所以我一般不会去历史的针,因为很难弄清楚。当然,这也是我的愚钝之处。
不过,我还是很喜欢读写历史的文章,因为在读史的过程中,我可以学习到为人处世之道。了解哪些行为容易被人放大,哪行事件又容易被人忽略。毕竟,好事不出门,坏事传千里。
所以讲史评史是我不敢触碰的,但读史是乐趣,感谢写下这类文章的朋友们!
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这评论我一打开有点吓了我一跳,着实可以列为优秀评论了。:)
不同的人读历史,可能都会有不同的看法,喜欢的人都能从中获得自己的乐趣,一句话,开心就好。
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虽然我不会写,但是我喜欢看,大传哥多发一些历史方面的文章呀。因为历史本身就是故事,有很强的可读性。除此以外,多看一些不同的历史记载,有利于我们增长知识,开阔视野,并且可以启发我们看世界、思考问题的深度和广度。期待ing!
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Upvoted and also resteemed :]
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Hi @rivalhw I gone through all of the blog and came to know that HISTORY is matchless. But it must be genuine, then you will get the real experience from history. We live in our home because of history. Most of the things which happen in our daily life reflect the history. History is very powerful asset for betterment of FUTURE. So we should respect our history and keep alive in the shape of ART, written Material etc. Once again Thanks @rivalhw for sharing such a great piece of work. Mind blowing effort friend. Please keep posting and if possible write again on HISTORY!
Regards!
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Today I was waiting for your Blog post anxiously Mr @rivalhw. And I bet I'm the 1st who commented on this post.
I will comment in detail after reading your post by helping Google translator. But this was my wish that I have to comment 1st today!
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you 're great! :) see you tomorrow
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No indeed you're a very generous human who always welcome new comers. I was a beginner and now I write my own posts(Although I have not experienced in this field) But honestly speaking you're my inspiration!
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有关袁世凯建议看一下唐德刚的晚清七十年
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好的,我随后找下这本书,谢谢 @luneknight 的推荐。
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千个读者就有千个哈姆雷特,伟哥说历史这个系列还有下期的吗
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是的,每个热爱历史的人心里都有一套自己的历史
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重新解读历史 别有一番感触
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是的,其实就是不同的视觉和全面看待人物和事情,人常说,兼听则明偏信则暗,看待历史人物,亦如此
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看历史就像买A货,只能无限的接近真实但却不是真实
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哈哈,有道理,你总是离历史的真相无限近
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It is interesting to read literature from other cultures and countries. I've a collection of some translated work of European and Russian authors and I am open to learn more about Chinese literature. You have mentioned some literary works in your posts. Just a suggestion: it would be more interesting if the users could read some excerpts or quotes from the above mentioned works. By the way, who is this guy in the picture? Seems a warrior.
Keep posting dear @rivalhw.
Steem On!
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yes,It's a Terra Cotta Warrior
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hello @rivalhw, nice article about history. David says right that "History is a comprehensive view of historical figures." so many other historical things told you in your article also about traitors and heroes..
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I deeply agree with you
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想起了一句话:历史没有真相,只残存一个道理
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有道理
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大伟哥可以写一个系列
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这个听起来不错 , 谢谢你的建议 @sylvia1997 :)
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最近几天好像都没看到你写新文章?
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最近在准备一个公司的演讲,猜猜我会讲啥
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Wonderful post.i resteem it.everyone follow @cryptomaker
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人們說司馬遷是因為受閹刑,才決心完成史記
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这个说法可能不一定准确,事实上,太史司马公在受腐刑(也就是阉割)前,就已经开始了《史记》的编纂,而在此之后,一度绝望想自杀,但最后仍坚持完成这部宏伟著作,期间忍受了多大的生理和心理的压力可想而知。
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大伟哥,太厉害了。反复读了几遍,收获很多,感谢!
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谢谢阅读
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只读过史记,还没有读过资治通鉴
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《资治通鉴》开始读起来会有些枯燥,但若深入了解,就会发现最大好处就是较为客观。
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我也不懂說袁世凯...其實如果當年孫沒有讓位給袁...中国現在可能已經沒有了..
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中国还是会继续,只是会发生什么后果,就很难说了
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我覺得歷史很多是有着勝利者加諸其上的厚厚化妝,越是古老,越難揭示其真正的面貌。落妝油是很難煉出來的。
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:)
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跟着你学历史!
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一起学习
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惊人的帖子
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-The historical photo with a
strong "emotional Color.-"
The "Mirror" of the great," its most valuable object
我爱你的历史照片,这是一个强大个性的象征,是一个伟大的国家的领导者。更新了@rivalhw
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history that adds science to me,
Thanks @rivalhw
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I try ti write with chinese onhttps://steemit.com/food/@zakir43/eat-with-us-the-community-of-nurses-are-on-holiday-and-gathering-2017922t2237944z
Please upvote (if you want) and comment to make me will be motivated.
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I translated your post, and interesting .. once about the history .. china .., thanks for sharing information
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good story..
I like
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Good post sir @rivalhw
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I support you David for whatever you're doing. Good luck.
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Hello sir, @rivalhw, I need your support, plz if you have free time then read my article,, Thanks,,, https://steemit.com/life/@rabeel/daily-positive-dose-1
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有典故,有思考,有引申,赞!希望还能看到下回连载!
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