A distributed database is a database composed of two or more files located at different sites on the same network or completely different networks. The parts of the database are stored in multiple physical locations, and processing work is distributed between multiple database nodes.
The centralized database distributed management system (DDBMS) integrates data logically so that all data can be managed as if they were stored in the same location. DDBMS regularly synchronizes all data and ensures that data updates and deletions performed in one location are automatically reflected in data stored in other locations.
In contrast, a centralized database consists of a single database file located at a site using a single network.
Features of Distributed database
In collections, database distributed are logically related to each other, and they usually represent a single logical database. With Distributed database, data is physically stored in multiple sites and managed independently. The processors on each site are connected through a network and do not have any multiprocessing configurations.
A common misconception is that Distributed database is a loosely connected file system. The situation is much more complex. The distributed database includes Transaction processing, but it is not a synonym for the Transaction processing system.
Generally speaking, Distributed database includes the following features:
Position independent
Distributed Query Processing
Distributed Transaction Management
Hardware Independence
Operating system independent
Network independence
Transparency of transactions
DBMS independent
Distributed database architecture
Distributed database can be homogeneous or heterogeneous.
In a homogeneous Distributed database system, all physical locations have the same underlying hardware and run the same operating system and database applications. Homogeneous Distributed database systems are like a single system to users, and they are easier to design and manage. For homogeneous Distributed database systems, the data structures of each location must be the same or compatible. The database applications used in each location must also be the same or compatible.
In a heterogeneous Distributed database, the hardware, operating system, or database application may be different for each location. Different sites may use different patterns and software, although differences in patterns may make queries and Transaction processing difficult.
Different nodes may have different hardware, software, and data structures, or they may be located in incompatible locations. Users from one location can read data from another location, but cannot upload or modify data. Heterogeneous Distributed databases are often difficult to use, which makes them economically unsuitable for many enterprises.
Advantages of Distributed database
There are many advantages to using Distributed database.
The modular development of Distributed database means that the system can be extended by adding new computers and local data to the new site and connecting them to the distributed system uninterruptedly.
When the centralized database fails, the system will completely stop. However, when a component fails in a distributed database system, the system will continue to operate at reduced performance until the error is fixed.
If the data is located near the most commonly used location, the administrator can reduce the communication cost of the Distributed database system. This is not possible in a centralized system.
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