1.1 What is Debian?

1.1 What is Debian?
Culture of the origin of the name Debian

a
To get tired in the search: Debian (not short, this name, in fact, the result of the collection of two names:
Ian Murdock (Ian), and his girlfriend at the time, Debra (Debra + Ian = Debian).
Debian is a Linux / GNU distribution. We will discuss what distributions are most prevalent in Section 5.1, Distribution Role, p. 61, but
Currently, we will only say that it is a complete operating system, including software and installation and management systems, all depending on the kernel
Linux (Linux) and free software (especially from the GNU project).
When I was Murdock Ian (Ian Murdak) Debian in 1993, under the banner of FSF (Free Software Foundation), was
He has clear goals, expressed in the Debian Manifesto (Debian Statement). He had the free operating system he wanted
Two main advantages. First, quality: Debian must be developed with all due diligence, so it is worth using Linux kernel. It should
It is a non-commercial distribution, but reliable enough to compete with large commercial distributions. This ambition was not achieved
It is possible, as he sees it, to open the Debian development process as Linux and the GNU project
Product peer reviews are constantly improving.
GNU Culture, Al-Ahrar Software Foundation Project
The GNU Project (GNU) is a collection of free software developed by OO or sponsored by the Software Foundation
(Free Software Foundation, or AA FSF), created by its spiritual leader, Dr. Palestine
GNU is Not "is a GNU abbreviation (Richard M. Stallman)
. «Unix
Richard M. Stallman Culture
Richard Stallman (often referred to as the first letters of his name, RMS), is the founder of the FSF and author
GPL license and spiritual leader of free software movement. All admire him for his positions that are softening, as
Everyone respects his technical contributions to free software (especially legal and philosophical).
1.1.1 Multi-Platform Operating System
Chapter 1: The Debian Project 37
Community Tour Your Supplier
Ian Murdak, the founder of the Debian Project, was the first project leader from 1992 to 1996
The flag was given to Perens Bruce, and Ian took a less visible role.
The free software community, I founded Progeny, and was intending to market a distributer derivative from Debian. It was
This investment is a commercial failure of the past, and has stopped developing. The company announced its bankruptcy in April 2007,
After many years of drought and work in providing services only. He did not survive the projects he started
Progeny is a device for detecting hardware.

Debian, who remained loyal to her initial principles, has achieved great successes until her size today is overwhelming. Cover the two
Ten architectures available in 10 architecture and Linux (FreeBSD and Linux), although the architecture is based on
FreeBSD is not officially supported architectures). In addition, the software can be found in more than one
000.21 package source meet almost all human needs, both at home and at work.
The size of the giant distribution may be troublesome sometimes: it is unthinkable to distribute 84 CDs to install a full copy on
A standard PC ... so Debian became a "distribution-meta," from which distributions
More specialized targeting specific groups: Desktop-Debian for traditional office uses, Edu-Debian
For Education and Educational Applications in Academic Environments, Med-Debian for Medical Applications, Junior-Debian
For young children, etc. You can find the most complete list in the section dedicated to talking about projects
See section 1.3.3.1, "Current subprojects", p.
Clearly defined to ensure smooth compatibility between different "subdivisions".
These sub-sections are organized into a framework
All of these distributions follow the general plan for issuing new versions. Since they are based on the same foundations, they can
Expand, complete and customize easily using applications available in Debian repositories.
All Debian tools work to facilitate this: cd-debian has long allowed the creation of groups of
T
B

Like
The laser discs containing a predefined set of packets only; and the installer-debian is
Bit packages from a variety of sources,

Modular, can be easily adapted to special needs
While ensuring the general coherence of the system.
Tools for creating a Debian
Creates cd-debian ISO images for installation media (CD, DVD, Ray-Blu, etc.) ready to use.
All topics related to this program (in English) are discussed on the mailing list -debian
org.debian.lists@cd. McIntyre Steve is responsible for building official ISO images
For Debian.
Book of Debian Manager
Basics for each architectural computer
The term "architecture" refers to the type of computer (one of the most popular Mac and PC computers).
Each architecture has its own processor, which is usually compatible with other processors. lead to
These differences are a difference in the method of operation, and therefore must be rewritten (compile)
Software specially designed for each architecture.
Most of the software available in Debian is written in portable programming languages: Ai can translate the source code
Itself for different architectures. In fact, binary executables will not work - they translate into architectures
Always defined - usually on other architectures.
Remember that each program results from source code writing; this source code is a text file that is formatted
Of instructions written in a programming language. Before you can use the program, compile
Source code, Ai code conversion to binary instruction (a series of auxiliary instructions which
Executed by the processor). Each programming language has its own interpreter to perform this process (for example, a gcc interpreter for the programming language
. (C
Bit
Like
Tools
installer-debian is the name of the Debian installation program. Its fractional design allows it to be used in
Development work on the mailing list -debian
Wide range of installation scenarios. yen
Cyril Brulebois is supervised under [email protected]

2.1.1 Quality of free software..

Z on developers

In Debian adheres to all the principles of free software and does not issue new copies when it is installed. No
A table is prepared in advance to rush them to meet the date of arbitrary issuance. People complain sometimes about the length of time between
But this caution also ensures the reliability of the mythical Debian: the entire distribution really needs
Months for a long test before being given a "stable" title.
Debian to be able to compromise on quality: all known critical ills must be resolved in the new Ai version, even if
This is to delay the publication date of the initial publication.
3.1.1 Legal framework: non-governmental organization
Legally, Debian is a project run by a nonprofit US voluntary association. The project is about 1,000 Debian
A much larger number of volunteers (translators, whistleblowers, artists,
developer (developer of Debian), but it is
Non-committed developers, etc.).
Debian has a large infrastructure, with many servers connected via the Internet, provided by many supporters.

Debian Community and Society: SPI Society and Local Projects
Debian A has a server in its name, but it is just a project belonging to the Public in Software
Interest, SPI sponsors financial assets and finances (donations, purchase of equipment, etc.). Even though this is an Assembly
Initially set up to sponsor the Debian project, it is hosting other free software projects,
Especially the PostgreSQL database and org.Freedesktop (a project aimed at standardizing parts
(Such as GNOME and KDE), and desktop software
Office
→ http://www.spi-inc.org/
In addition to SPI, various local associations with Debian are working closely to raise funds for Debian
Trusted Organizations
Concentrating everything in the United States: These associations are called "Pal
Organizations «in Spanish terms. This installation avoids obscene charges when converted
The funds are international, and very much commensurate with the decentralized nature of the project.
While the list of reliable organizations is rather short, there are many associated associations
In Debian, which seeks to strengthen Debian: France Debian, ES-Debian, ch.debian and others around the world.
Feel free to join the association and support your project!
→ http://wiki.debian.org/Teams/Auditor/Organizations
→ http://france.debian.net/
→ http://www.debian-es.org/
→ http://debian.ch/
Sasha
2.1 The documentation
A few years after the initial launch of the project, Debian formulated the principles that should be followed as a software project
The project,
Free. Every candidate who wants to become a developer of Debian is committed to the principles set out in the documents provided
Demonstrate his support and loyalty to her.
Supported by a broad consensus
The development process is discussed continuously, but these documents are documented
Rarely modified. The Constitution of Debian also provides guarantees for its stability: to accept any amendment must receive absolute aggrandizement
Of three quarters.
1.2.1 To end users
The project also has a "social contract". What is the need for such a text in a project aimed solely at developing an operating system? This is simple
Very: Debian works for its users, and therefore works for the community as well. This contract summarizes the obligations that
Undertaking by the project. Let's examine it in greater detail:

1. Debian will remain free 100%
   40 Debian Manager's Book
   This is rule number one. Debian was and will remain an entire author of exclusively free components. In addition,
   All the software developed within the Debian project itself will be free as well.
   A perspective is beyond software
   The first edition of Debian's social contract states that "Debian will remain 100%
   Free software. The disappearance of the word "software" (when version 1.1 was approved in April 2004)
   Access is free, not only at the software level, but at the documentation level

Denotes n
And other elements that Debian wishes to introduce in the operating system.
This change - which was intended to be a change of editorial - has many implications in
In fact, especially the removal of some problematic documents. In addition, there is increased use
For firmware software, the hardware definitions cause problems: most of them are not free,
However, they are essential for the proper functioning of the approved parts