Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic (long lasting) disease that affects how your body turn food into energy. Simply it is a chronic metabolic disease affecting blood glucose level. The people suffering from this disease have abnormal glucose level in their blood stream. This is because the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin or the cells don’t respond to insulin.
Among the US population overall, crude estimates for 2018 were: 34.2 million people of all ages—or 10.5% of the US population—had diabetes. 34.1 million adults aged 18 years or older—or 13.0% of all US adults—had
diabetes.
What is the main cause of this disease? The answer to this question is not known. In all cases of diabetes sugar builds up in the bloodstream, this is because the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin that converts blood glucose to glycogen in the liver or the receptor cells don’t respond to insulin. However it is believed that it is caused by combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Types of diabetes
Well there are two main types of diabetes mainly type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 usually occurs before the age of 30 or 40 and it is called Insulin-dependent diabetes because the pancreas either doesn’t produce insulin or it produces less amount of insulin, so this type is dependent upon insulin. Whereas type 2 is often called insulin independent diabetes and it usually occurs after the age of 40. The causes of type 2 are either less amount of insulin required for the break down of glucose to glycogen or it is due to the receptor cells that don’t respond to insulin or the combination of these factors.
Symptoms of diabetes
There are three main symptoms of diabetes which are 1)polyuria that is the need for frequently urination especially at night 2) polydipsia that is increased thirst or the need for fluids 3) Polyphagia that is increased appetite. Other symptoms include extreme fatigue, blurred vision, slow wound healing etc.
Complications
The main complications are nephropathy that is kidney problems, retinopathy that is vision problems and neuropathy that is nerve problems. Other complications include heart problems, gangrene, slow wound healing, weight loss, stroke, diabetic ketoacidosis, sex problems etc.
Treatment
There is presently no permanent cure for this disease. However you can manage your blood glucose level and can maintain it within normal range. Following are some of the steps you can take to manage your diabetes like
Avoiding foods that are high in glucose
Regular exercise like walking, jogging, running
Weight loss if you are obese
Avoiding foods high in fats
Limit salt intake
Using green vegetables and low sugar foods
Medications and insulin injections
Regular blood glucose level checkups
Consulting your doctor
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