3-dimensional art, or we usually call it 3D art, is fine art which is limited by 3 sides, namely the long side, the width and the height, or in the sense that the artwork has volume and is in a space. Whereas 2-dimensional art only has two boundaries on each side, namely the long and wide sides, which differentiate between 3-dimensional and 2-dimensional art in the space element.
The elements in 3-dimensional art:
Having a length, width, height Occupying space And can be seen from all points of view
Types of 3-Dimensional Artwork
The creation of 3-dimensional art works is divided into two parts, based on the functions and objectives of the fine arts, namely pure art and applied art.
Pure Fine Art is a work of art that is created freely with a function that prioritizes beauty rather than function, as satisfaction with the eye view and is usually often used only as a display. Applied Art is an art work that is not only as a display of the house, but also serves help human life. Applied fine art prioritizes usability over its beauty.
3 Dimensional Fine Arts Techniques
Regions in Indonesia have various materials and media in the technique of making 3-dimensional art works, all based on the area's environment.
The following are techniques commonly used in making 3-dimensional art works:
Application Technique - is an ornamental work used in the art of sewing by attaching various types of cloth that have been scissors like flowers, stars, dolls and other shapes in a cloth as a decoration to beautify. Mosaic technique - is a drawing technique using a certain geometric shape. Geometric shapes are used to replace coloring materials. Assembling Techniques - is a work of art by connecting several pieces of material. This method can be called by assembling, assembling is the result of his work. Chisel Technique - is a technique that makes artwork by removing materials that are not used. Usually made using hammer, chisel, stingy tools and so on..
Cast Technique / Pouring - is an art work done by pouring liquid material into a printing device. The commonly used liquid material is made of cement, rubber, metal and so on.
Symbols in 3-dimensional art works
In pursuing works of art, symbols also have the meaning contained in them, whether they are objects or elements. For example, the red color is referred to as a symbol of courage, the horse statue is commonly referred to as a symbol of admiration, the statue of a frog as a symbol of rain caller, the pillar of the Proclamation in Jakarta as a symbol of independence and struggle of the Indonesian people, equatorial monument in Pontianak, West Kalimantan as a place for the equator, a monument to Jogja as a symbol of unity between leaders and people against enemies in a government.
Elements of 3-Dimensional Fine Art
3-dimensional art works have elements that form unity so that they can beautify or beautify the work of 3-dimensional art.
The following are the elements that make up the artwork:
- Point
The point is the most basic and smallest element of fine art work. A point like a freckle in fine art. With a point, one can get new ideas in work such as making lines and space. Besides that, the point has its own attention center or has a striking color that is different from the others.
- Line
Lines are scratches or boundaries of objects, spaces, fields, colors, textures and so on. Lines have dimensions that tend to elongate and have a specific direction. Gari also has several properties such as long, short, horizontal, vertical, thin, straight, wavy, curved, thick, broken, tilted, smooth and others.
In addition the lines also have various forms such as horizontal lines, vertical lines, slashes, curved lines, cross lines, parallel lines, zig zag lines, spiral lines and wave lines. The use of lines in an image also has a certain impression, like a straight line has the impression of a hard impression, a broken line that has a stiff impression.
One of the most famous 3-dimensional art is sculpture. Until now sculpture has developed better and has high artistic value. Ordinary sculptures are made with stone, wood, metal and can be seen from all directions. The statue has a length, width and height and is made of solid and soft objects. Most people make statues made similar to animals, humans, and other forms.
Based on its shape, the statue has two types, namely:
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Based on the type, sculpture making techniques are also divided into two, namely:
Zonde Bosse - Zonde Bosse is a form of sculpture that can stand alone, there is no help on the right and left. This statue is usually always attached to one side. Relief - Relief is a form of sculpture attached to the surface of the wall. Usually this relief describes a scene from the story. One example of relief can be seen in the Shiwa temple and Brahma temple in the Prambanan temple complex which contains a series of ramayana scenes.
Relief is divided into three types:
Baserelief: Relief that displays a shape that is less than half of its original shape Demirelief: Relief that displays a half shape of its original shape Nautilelief: Relief that displays exactly the same shape as the original shape
- Ceramics
Ceramics fine art is a branch of art that is traditional to contemporary or art development that is affected by modernization. Ceramic art has a function, among others, as a craft by using the main ingredients of clay which must pass through the process of being lubricated, butsir, twisting until burning and glaze.
Because clay has plastic properties, it requires special and unique techniques in processing until handling. This process has a long series and has critical stages. Critical here because the stages in making ceramics have a risk with failure. When this critical process or the hardest part goes well, ceramics are likely to experience production failure.
The quality of a ceramic is judged from the process, it is proven to date that the art of ceramics is growing very rapidly with a variety of models and high selling prices, such as jars and wall hangings.
The following are the tools and materials needed in the process of making ceramics:
Binder ceramic material: clay ball, kaolin, fire clay and red clay Smelting ceramic material: lime and felsper Ceramic filler material: silica grog (samot) Additional ceramic materials: water glass, pyrophilit, and talk Raw ceramic material glaze: ceramic material through the combustion process with certain temperature SiO2 ceramic material: quartz sand, clay and feldspar Oxide ceramic material: felsper-posta base, soda ash and limestone Additional material: cobalt compounds, iron compounds, nickel compounds, chrom compounds Adhesive material: gum Cover material: circon oxide and zinc oxide Smelting material: borate, Na2CO3, K2CO3, BaCO3, Pb3O4, and borax Opaciferous ingredients: SnO2 and ZrO
- Architecture
Architecture is 3-dimensional art and the science of building design, including building the whole from the macro level such as city planning, urban design, landscape architecture to micro level such as building design, furniture design and product design.
As a part of art, architecture still holds the principles of beauty which are the basis of the arts, such as unity, balance, harmony and rhythm are also used in architecture. The results of architecture are embodiments of artistic value. Therefore, there is still a part of higher education that groups architecture on the art faculty..