*** Bate Iliek Samalanga Defense of Aceh Warriors, Fighting the Netherlands ***
in the poetry of aceh :
"Teungku Cut Sa’id yang ato prang, ato rakan kameuteuntee
Dalam kuta gle yang that meuceuhu, Yang to bak u dum meuribee
Dalam kuta gle yang that meusigak, Ateuh seulambak le that guree
Kafe dum jiplueng keudeh u laot/ Geulet di likot meuree-ree"
( Tgk cut said that set the war, certainly set the partners, in a very famous kuta gle, surrounded by thousands of coconut trees, in a very strong kuta gle, as well as many teachers, the enemy running towards the sea, pursued from the back)
That piece of Aceh poetry about the story of Kuta Gle. The hill is a former bastion of the resistance of the Aceh fighters, and for 30 years is able to survive against the Dutch. The fort is a hill located upstream of Batee Iliek Samalanga river, Pidie Jaya-Bireuen border. The story of a war hero of Kuta Gle Tgk. Cut Sa'id. Also illustrated how the Dutch soldiers were defeated against the toughness of Aceh warriors in Samalanga.
Samalanga was then an autonomous region authorized by Sulthan Aceh to King Teuku Chik Bugis, but in running Teuku Chik Bugis's contest relied on a female character named Pocut Meuligoe. Hearing the names of these two figures only, the Dutch keder because of their courage. The Dutch themselves want to control Samalanga because this region is very strategic and advanced in the field of trade.
When Van Der Heijden was appointed Government of the Netherlands East Indies became Governor / Commander of War for Aceh, his first target was to conquer Samalanga. In 1876 Van Heijden attacked Samalanga by deploying the forces of three army battalions. Each Battalion consists of three companies with 150 companies each. But so many times they attack, unable to master Samalanga. The Dutch soldier died, including a Lieutenant named Aj. Richello who was beheaded by a great cleric Haji Ahmad. But the cleric was also martyred in his first Dutch aggression to Samalanga.
Samalanga fighters can not be defeated, then in 1877 the Dutch re-arrange the invading force by involving three army battalions, marines and cannon troops plus 900 punishments included in the attack. After a month of fighting, the Dutch could only master Blang Themulir near the town of Samalanga. Hundreds of colonial soldiers died, and Van Der Heijden himself was seriously injured, even his left eye suffered from blindness hit by Aceh troops. This was then the Dutch Van Der Haijden called Acehnese by the name of General Blind Siblsah.
King Samalanga Teuku Chik Bugis and Pocut Meuligoe are still in full control, even though the Dutch have mastered. The Dutch did not dare to approach the fortress Gle Batee Iliek. As Paul Van 'T Veer writes in his book De Atjeh Oorloq (War of Aceh: 1985) notes, the Gle Batee Iliek Kuta Fortress was a very strong Aceh resistance center for the Dutch. And Batee Iliek himself is a "hamlet of kramat" and the settlement of scholars who are fanatical in opposing the expansion of Dutch rule.
One year after Samalanga's loneliness from the war, taba-arrived on 30 June 1880, Letna Van Woortman with 65 of his troops tried to infiltrate Bneteng Kuta Gle Batee Iliek. However, we arrived at Cot Meureak (about 2 Km to the north of Betee Iliek) to the 65 Dutch troops in the presence of Gerilia Aceh troops.
In that incident many Dutch soldiers died and were seriously injured. This event was immediately submitted to Banda Aceh so. Governor Van Der Heijden was furious because his soldiers lost. So on July 13, 1880, Van Der Heijden again sent his massive expedition to Samalanga to attack the Kuta Bantle Gle Betee Iliek.
The Dutch expedition deployed a Dutch company, 1 Inlander company from Battalion 14 and 1 company of Ambon from Battalion 3, and 1 garnizun company from the mixed Battalion, also equipped with 32 officers with 1200 subordinates dispatched to Samalanga. In this expedition also participated Commander Tibang, former Sultan's magnate who deviated with Teuku Nyak Lehman as interpreter and guide for the Dutch.
Several times the Dutch did rush to conquer Kuta Gle Batee Iliek did not work. The Dutch were forced to retreat into Cot Meurak. Here while they were resting and devising a second assault strategy to Kuta Gle, the Dutch also had to bury the bodies of their soldiers. Precisely dated July 17, 1880, the Dutch again attacked Kuta Gle. In this second invasion, Teuku Chik Bugis (king of Samalanga) asked to be brought together in Dutch troops, with the aim of misleading the Dutch troops to trap with the Aceh forces in huge numbers.
Teuku Chik Bugis strategy once again made the Dutch attack to Kuta Gle Batee Iliek become ridiculous. The Dutch had to retreat and many of their soldiers were killed by Teuku Chik Bugis. That same day Chik Bugis was arrested by Dutch and taken to Banda Aceh. However, the fortress of Kuta Gle Batee Iliek still stands firm with the strength of Aceh's troops are very feared the Netherlands.
Kuta Fort Gle Batee Iliek, never taken. That is why Paul Van 'T Veer noted in his book "Aceh War" that Batee Iliek is a village of kramat that is very difficult to face by the Dutch. The shooting of marsoses, fiercely defied by the Qur'anologists (which Van 'T Veer, the Quranic scholars say are the clerics of the Aceh warriors) who very fluently made war attacks against the Dutch - read their verses of the Qur'an, wrote Van' T Veer.
After more than 30 years, the Gle Batee Iliek Kuta Fort survived the great Dutch offensive, in 1901 General Van Heutsz again led his new expedition to Batee Iliek. The day before the attack of Van Heutsz to Batee Iliek, Van Heutsz first celebrate the 50th Anniversary (dated 3 February 1901).
To ignite the spirit of war for Dutch soldiers, Van Heutsz, a legendary Dutch warlord Izaak Thenu deliberately changed a special poem to war Samalanga. It read: let's buddy, let's go Go to war in Samalanga, Let's get together voiced Then sing together.
However, this expedition was successfully paralyzed, until Van Heutsz only managed to conquer Kuta Gle Batee Iliek in 1904, after three years of fighting against the Aceh fighters in the region Batee Iliek. In fact, according to some historical accounts that are understood by the inhabitants of Samalanga, Van Heutsz himself was killed in Batee Iliek, whose grave is now on the hill near Betee Iliek not far from the Kuta Gle Fort.
*** Pocut Meuligo Hero of Aceh Women ***
At least five hundred years ago, being a leader is not new for Acehnese women. By the time the Dutch were about to enter Samalanga, a leader of the heir of Samalanga kingdom named Pocut Meuligo who was a young teenager had managed to defend his territory. He acts decisively to every man who is absent and duty of war.
Pocut Meuligo is included in a row of female fighters such as Cut Nyak Dien, Cut Nyak Meutiah, and Tengku Fakinah. The woman, also called Pocut Maligai, has valiantly defended Samalanga and the Dutch assault for several years, even a Dutch general has to lose one eye while trying to seize Samalanga. It was General van der Heijden who was victimized by the forces of Pocut Meuligo. His left eye was shot by a Samalanga fighter led by a teenager Puteri Pocut Meuligo.
The courage of Pocut Meuligo was written by a Dutch captain named Schumacher that Pocut Meuligo hated the Dutch so much that he ordered all his people to fight even to leave the fields and fields. When lost to follow-up they are severely punished. The influence of this young woman is not only in Samalanga, he often sends financial aid, logistical and weapons to Aceh Besar to assist Aceh troops. Samalanga can make a big financial contribution to Aceh's struggle as Samalanga's export trade is growing well.
Schumacher goes on to say that in 1876 the Dutch tried hard to get Samalanga to recognize the Dutch government, but Samalanga responded by firing on Dutch ships even when they needed to pounce.
In the same year, Dutch Governor Colonel Karel van der Heijden designed an attack on Samalanga by preparing three battalions and all Dutch warships such as Matelan Quiz, Amboina, Citadel van Antwerpen, banda, Borneo, Sambas, Palembang, Watergeus, Semarang and Sumatra. The land troops are led by van der Hegge-Spies.
When the Dutch troops landed, the pyramids of Aceh were ready for their arrival in Kiran and Kuala Tambora. In a forested forest, a battalion of Dutch troops was slaughtered easily by only 40 Acehnese warriors.
Shortly thereafter Dutch reinforcements arrived, and the Atjehnese forces withdrew as they gathered power into Pengit Tunong. In this region, a fierce war ensued, the Dutch troops were very depressed and many were running away and throwing weapons away. This incident is not separated and the role of a local cleric named Haji Ahmad. It was told that one of the leaders of the Aceh warrior, Haji Ahmad, who was tall and tall and jumped up and attacked Lieutenant Richie Adjutant and cut off his head.
Haji Ahmad was detained by the Dutch while Pocut Meuligo attempted to free him by negotiating with the Dutch but the Acehnese cleric could not be saved and became one of the martyrs in the first attack of the Dutch to Samalanga.
Successfully defending Samalanga and the first Dutch attack, Pocut Meuligo forces re-strengthen Batee Ilie Fortress located on a hill not far away and Samalanga.
In a subsequent attack, Colonel van der Heijden arranged an attack to conquer the landed Samalanga fortress, and wire and other traps. Three battalions of ground troops and marines have been put under the control of Captain Kauffman. The troops were supplied with a cannon and 900 pieces of cannon. The Dutch attack on Samalanga this time had to be paid handsomely because Colonel van der Heijden was shot in the left eye so he was given the title of General Eye One by the Acehnese.
In addition, some of the Dutch troop leaders such as major Dompselar and Lieutenant Colonel Meijar and hundreds of Dutch soldiers were seriously wounded. For the Dutch, their assault into the area led by Pocut Meuligo was a terrifying attack in the memory of Dutch soldiers.
The Dutch several times attacked Samalanga from 1 August 1877 and ended on 17 September at the negotiating table when Pocut Meuligo's older brother Teuku Cik Bugis arrived and his mission abroad bought weapons. The results and negotiations held at the Dutch headquarters were the Dutch allowed to raise their flag in Samalanga but were not in control of the territory while Samalanga's export-import trading activities continued without interruption from any party including the Dutch and Benteng Batee llie should not be contested, and free to fly the flag at the top of the hill. Victory remains on Samalanga's side.
The Netherlands is not satisfied with the outcome of the agreement and seeks to seize Samalanga. On June 30, 1880, a total of 65 soldiers led by Lieutenant van Woontman secretly entered the village and when they arrived at Cot Merak, they were surrounded by locals and fierce fighting ensued. The Dutch soldier slams and runs away to the base.
The Dutch were offended by the events in Cok Merak. Finally, van Heijden broke the agreed agreement. He sent an expedition consisting of 32 employees and 1200 soldiers with complete combat equipment under the leadership of Major Schilau and Major van Steenvelt. Participated with the Dutch troops were Panglima Tibang, former Sultan's confidant, and Teuku Nyak Lehman as interpreters and guide.
On the 14th of July the ship carrying Dutch troops docked at Kuala Samalanga. The Dutch invited Teuku Cik Bugis, Pocut Meuligo, Teuku Bentara Cut (nephew Pocut Meuligo) and some Samalanga figures, but they did not come because they were preparing for the arrival of the Dutch in Benteng Batee llie.
A day later, on July 15, the Dutch attacked Batee llie. Fierce battle ensued. Dutch troops did not manage to penetrate the fortress of Batee llie despite attacking and various majors instead they were showered with shots of Samalanga fighters with bullets and rocks and many Dutch soldiers died.
Not only that, the Dutch army troops were attacked with kelewang from behind the hill. Schumacher noted the Dutch continued to advance and attack but each time forward they were forced to retreat despite being fully armed.
The war lasted several days. In an attack, Teuku Cik Bugis also intervened which caused the Dutch troops to run latrines. Because of this event the Dutch then arrested Teuku Cik Bugis but still attacked Samalanga. Because each attack can always be broken Samalanga fighters, the Dutch finally stop the attack to Samalanga
Pocut Meuligo then met van der Heijden who brought Teuku Cik Bugis and Banda Aceh. They are then released without any conditions.
Again with 900 fully armed soldiers for the third time van der Heijden led an attack on Samalanga. But his efforts failed miserably. Intrigued by his ever-failing effort, finally in 1904 van der Heijden deployed a cannon army. His efforts this time ended the resistance of fighters Samalanga for more and thirty years against the Dutch.
The duration of Samalanga survives and the Dutch attack is inseparable and the leadership role of Pocut Meuligo who never give up and always pumping the fighting spirit of his people by relying on the power of Allah SWT as servants who believe in him
*** Tun Sri Lanang was the first king of the Samalanga kingdom ***
Tun Sri Lanang was the first king of the Samalanga kingdom. Actually he is a Treasurer in the Kingdom of Johor. His real name is Tun Muhammad. He was appointed king of Samalanga in 1615. The story of Tun Sri Lanang is taken from the summaries of several writers. Here is the story.
The greatness of the Malacca's Islamic Empire was destroyed after the Portuguese conquered it in 1511. Many of the royalty's rulers fled to other kingdoms that had not yet been touched by the Portuguese. Call it Pahang, Johor, Pidie, Aru (Island Kampai), Perlak, Daya, Pattani, Pasai and Aceh. The Portuguese attempted to conquer this small Islamic kingdom and without any significant resistance. These developments caused the upset of Sultan Ali Mughayat Shah (1514-1530). The Sultan desires to liberate the Islamic lands in Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula from the grip of the Portuguese. The Sultan's wish was fully supported by the Acehnese state and asylum seekers from Melaka who settled in Bandar Aceh. Sultan proclaimed the Islamic Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam in 1512, with its main vision of uniting small country such as Pedir, Daya, Pasai, Tamiang, Perlak and Aru.
Sultan Alaidin Ali Mughayatsyah has a principle. "Who is strong is life, who is weak drowned". Therefore, in the Sultan's mind to build a newly proclaimed country, there needs to be strengthening in politics, abroad, a strong military, a reliable economy and a regulated legal / regulatory arrangement. With this strategy, according to the Sultan's mind, the Islamic Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam will be a country to be reckoned with in the global political arena, in accordance with its time and able to expel the Portuguese from the Islamic lands in the archipelago that it has occupied.
Basic development of the Islamic empire of Aceh Darussalam which was initiated by Sultan Alaidin Ali Mughayatsyah followed by his successor Sultan Alaidin Riayatsyah Alqahhar, Alaidin Mansyursyah, Saidil Mukammil and Iskandar Muda. Alliance with Islamic countries in the form, both in the archipelago and in the international world. For example Turkey, India, Persia, Morocco. It was during this time that Aceh was able to position itself in the "big five Islam" groups of Islamic countries in the world. Diplomatic relations with non-Muslim countries are nurtured as long as they are not intrusive and contrary to the principles of the kingdom (A. Hashimy, Aceh Culture in History).
The feud between the kingdoms of Aceh and the Portuguese continued until 1641. As a result many of the martyrs in Aceh themselves, Aru, Bintan, Kedah, Johor, Pahang and Trenggano. Aceh's population declined dramatically. Sultan Iskandar Muda adopted a new policy by encouraging residents in their conquered areas to immigrate to Aceh nucleus, for example from West Sumatra, Kedah, Pahang, Johor and Melaka, Perak, Deli. Sultan Iskandar Muda destroyed Batu Sawar, Johor, in 1613. The entire population of Johor, including Sultan Alauddin Riayatshah III, his brother King Abdullah, King Raden and the princes of Johor-Pahang like King Husein (Iskandar Thani), Princess Kamaliah (Putroe Phang ) and its Treasurer (Prime Minister), Tun Muhammad then moved to Aceh. Sultan Iskandar Muda then made Tun Sri Lanang the first king to Samalanga on the advice of Kamaliah's daughter. (A.K.Yakobi, Aceh In War Maintaining the Proclamation of Independence 1945-1949). Leadership rotation is often taken to prevent the rebellion of kings who get popular support. Coronation of Tun Sri Lanang became King of Samalanga got popular support, because besides he is expert in the field of government is also pious in the science of religion. Sultan Iskandar Muda expects that the appointment will help the development of Islam on the east coast of Aceh.
But the appointment of Tun Sri Lanang as king does not necessarily run smoothly. This is because of the opposition of some community leaders led by Judge Peut Misei. He wants his own group to be the first king of Samalanga. According to the story and narrative of the old people there. After Judge Peut Misei and eleven other noble leaders along with the local people finished opening Samalanga country, then they deliberated to determine who among them was entitled to become the first king of Samalanga. Among the committees involved in the preparation of the inauguration of the Samalanga and the subdistrict, there were disputes and differences of opinion.
In order to resolve the dispute, at the suggestion of the community, the twelve men of the committee then faced the sultan Iskandar Muda. They handed the decision to the sultan, who would make his best choice to lead the country's center of Islamic education. The plan and the news quietly until also Pelingi Pahang ear. He was aware of the planned meeting of twelve public figures who would be facing the sultan. Princess Pahang wants the ulalebalangan of Samalanga and the conquered area is filled by Datok Treasurer, who is titled Tun Sri Lanang, who is none other than his own brother. The tactics are arranged and various ways are also taken. Then Tun Sri Lanang was ordered to sail to Samalanga, where he had to pretend to be a slum fisherman but an expert on seeing stars.
Under the plan of Putri Pahang, Tun Sri Lanang had to go first in Samalanga and the twelve public figures were made to use the services of Tun Sri Lanang to sail to Kuala Aceh to the Sultan. On the agreed day, twelve committees went to the sultan accompanied by a handler from kuala Samalanga to kuala Aceh. The twelve men then met with the Sultan and expressed his intent and purpose. They then asked the Sultan to have one of them crowned the first ulalebalang of Samalanga.
After asking the opinion of the great people of the kingdom and Puteri Pahang, the Sultan agreed to crown one of them became the first King. But with one condition if the royal ring that has been prepared by Princess Pahang fits on their little finger. They then try one by one on their fingers, but the royal ring is too big to be worn on the fingers of the twelve. Puteri Pahang asked them if anyone else was not taken to Hall of the Palace? They resentfully say there are still boatmen. Tun Sri Lanang was then confronted to the Sultan. He tried the royal ring, it was perfect for his little finger. Therefore, Sultan Iskandar Muda named Tun Sri Lanang became the first King of Samalanga. But when they returned home, Tun Sri Lanang was suddenly dumped in the middle of the sea in the area of Laweung.
The incident then became known in Samalanga society as Sea Events. Luckily, Tun Sri Lanang successfully immortalized by Maharaja Lela Keujroeun Tjoereh (Laweung). After rescuing Tun Sri Lanang, Maharaja Lela Keujroeun Tjoereh along with T. Nek Meuraksa Commander Nyak Doom to the Sultan. They told the discovery of Tun Sri Lanang in the middle of the sea. Hearing the news, Sultan was very angry, he then ordered Maharaja Goerah with T. Nek Meuraksa Commander Nyak Doom and Maharaja Lela Keujroeun Tjoereh accompany Tun Sri Lanang to Samalanga. Judge Peut Misee and eleven preparatory committees were finally beheaded by the sultan. Tun Sri Lanang became the first Uleebalang Samalanga in 1615-1659 AD He died and was named in Meunasah Leung Samalanga village.
During his reign, he succeeded in making Samalanga a center of Islamic development in eastern Aceh. The tradition continues until now. Samalanga became stronghold of the last Sultan of Aceh, Sultan Muhammad Daud Syah opposed the Dutch colonialism. Besides government experts, Tun Sri Lanang is also known as a Malay poet. His monumental work is the book of Sulalatus Salatin. According to Winstedt, the book was composed from February 1614 and completed in January 1615 when a captive in the Pasai area. When in Batu Sawar, Tun Sri Lanang has started to compose the writing of Malay history based on Hikayat Melayu which is given by Yang Dipertuan in Hilir, King Abdullah. He resumed his work of composing and composing Malay history books in Aceh until complete. If we read this book's mukaddimah, it is not clear who the real author is. And this is usually done by the author-author of the past who tried to hide the original author to the results of his essay. Even mentioning himself as fakir. The original sentence is as follows: After fakir allazi murakkabun 'a; a jahlihi then fakir perkawatlah fakir self in cultivate him, shahada and ask taufik to Allah's presence, Lord sani'il -' alam, and ask letter to the prophet sayyidi'l 'anam, and ask forgiveness for friends who akram; then fakir karanglah this saga kamasami 'tuhu min jaddi wa abi, so will be pleased drat the king's wish. So fakir the name of this hikayaat "Sulalatus Salatin" ie "the utterances of all kings".
The descendants of Tun Sri Lanang in Aceh are Tun Rembau better known as T. Tjik In Blang, Panglima Perkasa has lowered the Ampon Chik Samalanga family to date and still uses the Treasury title at the end of his name as Maj. Gen. T. Hamzah Treasurer. While some of his descendants returned to Johor and became treasurer (Prime Minister) there like Tun Abdul Majid who became Treasurer of Johor, Pahang Riau, Lingga (1688-1997). The descendants of Tun Abdul Majid this became the zuriat of Sultan Trenggano, Pahang, Johor and the State of Selangor Darul Ihsan until now.
source : https://samalangaraya.wordpress.com/seujarah/sejarah-samalanga/