Chemical Enginering
DRINKING PROCESS OF EARTH OIL
Petroleum is a non-renewable resource. Therefore, in taking petroleum should not be arbitrary, should not be in excessive explorations.
In addition, in the process of drilling to obtain petroleum should not be arbitrary, must be in accordance with applicable procedures.
Here is the Petroleum Drilling Process in accordance with international standards:
1.seismic
Seismic process aims to find locations that contain gas / oil. By using acoustic waves (acoustic waves) that propagate to the soil layer. This wave is reflected and captured again by the sensor. From the process of propagation of this wave will be processed and look for soil layers to be processed which layers that potentially contain gas / oil.
2 Drilling and well construction
This process is also called the process of "oil drilling". Usually use a rig (a place to support the drilling process, etc.) .Simple it, we make a hole where it is identified possible oil / gas source in the place.
Need to know in this process there is a possibility of blow out (pressure that can not be in control, directly to the surface), so there must be pressure control from the ground.
Pressure downhole / in soil is greater than atmospheric pressure, to compensate for it is usually to use mud a.k.a mud with specific gravity (specific gravity). Mud will create hydrostatic pressure that can withstand pressure from within.
After the "hole" is ready, it will then check whether there is any oil / gas content.
this process is the most expensive. The tool is expensive, because it must withstand high pressure and temperature. In addition to mapping the soil layer, this process also takes samples for later d check of its content (oil, gas, or water only).
From here caught layers of soil and rocks. Which one contains water, whichever is gas, and which soil layers may "contain" the oil content.
4. Well testing
this process is the process by which the estimated layer contains oil / gas in "firing", with explosives. After that the oil contained between the pores of the rock will flow to the place where the pressure is smaller (to the atmospheric a.k.a to the soil surface).
To control this movement, wells are filled with certain liquid to keep under balance (wells can still be "controlled" and not blow out), liquid example: Brine, diesel, or water aja.
Gas, oil, water, or various kinds of substances that come out will be searched its rate. For what oil bopd (barrell oil per day) can be produced. For gas, how many mmscfmm / d (million metric standart cubic feet per day or how many million cubic feet) that the well can produce?
This testing process also takes samples of liquid and gas, as well as data about pressure, temperature, specific graphity, etc. to further processed by reservoir engineer. This data will show how much and how long the production capacity of the well reservoir.
gas / oil is burned so as not to pollute the environment. Its combustion system is very advanced, with gas, oil, wind and water mixture to make optimal combustion
this process is the installation process of the well accessories before the well is ready to be produced. Its main function is to filter out the "sand" produced after the firing process in well testing.
Sand that reaches the surface with pressure is like a "bullet" which will endanger the production line. Production pipes will be eroded by sand and ultimately burst (broken).
with this completion (gravel pack tool), will catch the sand in the well and filter it so it does not come to the surface.
6. Production
this is a happy process, where the well is ready to produce and will be processed again to the distillation to be processed in various forms. Examples: Kerosene, gasoline, diesel, kerosene, lpg,
