First Aid Basics

First Aid for Burns and Scalds

• Rinse with Cool Water: Immediately rinse the burned area under cool water for 10-15 minutes to help reduce heat and relieve pain.
• Protect the Burn: Cover the affected area with clean gauze; avoid using cotton balls, as fibers can stick to the wound.
• Avoid Ointments: Do not apply butter, toothpaste, or oil-based creams to burns, as they may delay healing.

Treating a Nosebleed

• Sit Up and Lean Forward: Sit down with your head slightly forward to prevent blood from draining into the throat.
• Pinch the Bridge of Your Nose: Use your thumb and index finger to pinch the nose just below the bridge for 5-10 minutes.
• Avoid Picking or Blowing Your Nose: Avoid disturbing the nose area for 24 hours to reduce the chance of re-bleeding.

Choking (Heimlich Maneuver)

• For Adults or Children: Stand behind the person, wrap your arms around their waist, make a fist with one hand, and press it below the ribcage while thrusting upward until the object is expelled.
• For Infants: Lay the infant face-down along your forearm and give four to five firm back slaps to help dislodge the object.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

• Check Consciousness and Breathing: Ensure the person is unresponsive and not breathing before beginning CPR.
• Chest Compressions: Place the heel of your hand on the center of the chest and press down 30 times at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute.
• Rescue Breaths (if trained)**: After each set of 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths. Repeat the cycle until emergency help arrives.

Cramp Relief

• Stretch and Massage: Gently stretch and massage the cramped area to help the muscle relax.
• Apply Heat: Use a warm towel or heating pad on the affected area to promote blood flow.
• Rehydrate with Electrolytes: Cramps can be caused by dehydration or electrolyte imbalances; staying hydrated can help prevent them.

Minor Cuts and Scrapes

• Clean the Wound: Gently wash the cut with warm water and soap to prevent infection.
• Stop the Bleeding: Apply gentle pressure with a clean cloth or gauze until bleeding stops.
• Cover the Wound: Use a bandage or sterile gauze to cover the area, and change the dressing regularly.