Some of the chemicals used in fracking

Chemical Name	CAS	Chemical Purpose	Product Function	Chemical Information
Hydrochloric Acid	007647-01-0	Helps dissolve minerals and initiate cracks in the rock	Acid	Incompatible with alkalies, most metals. Avoid contact with water. Read More Human Health: Hydrogen chloride will rapidly dissociate and its effects are thought to be a result of pH change (local deposition of H+) rather than effects of hydrogen chloride/hydrochloric acid. ... Hydrogen chloride is corrosive to the skin and severe effects can be expected from exposure to the eyes. No skin sensitization has been reported. There are few detailed studies reported for human exposure. The irritation of hydrogen chloride to mucous is so severe that workers evacuate from the work place shortly after detecting its odor. A relation between concentrations from accidental exposure and health effects have not been reported in detail. Read More A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.
Glutaraldehyde	000111-30-8	Eliminates bacteria in the water that produces corrosive by-products	Biocide	SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Other symptoms that may be brought on by glutaraldehyde exposure include heart palpitations and tachycardia. Read More and Here One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.
Quaternary Ammonium Chloride	012125-02-9	Eliminates bacteria in the water that produces corrosive by-products	Biocide	SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Other adverse effects of excessive ammonium chloride dosage include rash, headache, hyperventilation, bradycardia, progressive drowsiness, mental confusion, and phases of excitement alternating with coma. Calcium-deficient tetany, hyperglycemia, glycosuria, twitching, hyperreflexia, and EEG abnormalities have also been reported. Most of these adverse effects are secondary to ammonia toxicity resulting from inability of the liver to convert the ammonium ion to urea. Because rapid IV injection may increase the likelihood of ammonia toxicity, IV infusions of ammonium chloride should be administered slowly to permit metabolism of ammonium ions by the liver. Read More An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.
Quaternary Ammonium Chloride	061789-71-1	Eliminates bacteria in the water that produces corrosive by-products	Biocide	Incompatible with strong acids, strong bases. Read More Modification of experimental liver damage by an antiseptic: alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride. Read More
Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl-Phosphonium Sulfate	055566-30-8	Eliminates bacteria in the water that produces corrosive by-products	Biocide	Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is incompatible with oxidizing materials and alkalis. Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is probably combustible. Read More

Ammonium Persulfate	007727-54-0	Allows a delayed break down of the gel	Breaker	Oxidizing. May ignite combustible material. Incompatible with bases, combustible material, hydrogen peroxide, peroxy compounds, silver compounds, zinc. May decompose upon exposure to water or moist air. Ammonium persulfate is a potent oxidizing agent. A powdered mixture with aluminum and water can explode [NFPA 491M 1991]. A mixture with sodium peroxide will explode if subjected to friction (crushing in a mortar), heating, or if a stream of carbon dioxide is passed over Ammonium persulfate [Mellor 10:464 1946-47]. Acidic solutions dissolve iron violently, [Mellor, 1947, Vol. 10, 470]. Read More
Sodium Chloride	007647-14-5	Product Stabilizer	Breaker	Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Releases gaseous hydrogen chloride if mixed with a concentrated nonvolatile acid such as sulfuric acid. Read More
Magnesium Peroxide	014452-57-4	Allows a delayed break down the gel	Breaker	Mixtures of combustible material and the peroxide can be ignited with friction or moisture [AAR 1991]. Water gradually decomposes Magnesium dioxide liberating oxygen, with dilute acids Magnesium dioxide forms hydrogen peroxide, when strongly heated Magnesium dioxide losses all peroxide oxygen [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Read More
Magnesium Oxide	001309-48-4	Allows a delayed break down the gel	Breaker	Incompatible with bromine trifluoride, bromine trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride. The oxide is incompatible with interhalogens such as bromine pentafluoride, etc. Read More
Calcium Chloride	010043-52-4	Product Stabilizer	Breaker	Incompatible with zinc, water, strong acids, methyl vinyl ether, bromine trifluoride, boron oxide, calcium oxide. Hygroscopic. Read More

Choline Chloride	000067-48-1	Prevents clays from swelling or shifting	Clay Stabilizer	Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, moisture. Store under a dry atmosphere. Read More
Tetramethyl ammonium chloride	000075-57-0	Prevents clays from swelling or shifting	Clay Stabilizer	Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, water. Hygroscopic. Read More
Sodium Chloride	007647-14-5	Prevents clays from swelling or shifting	Clay Stabilizer	Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Read More

Isopropanol	000067-63-0	Product stabilizer and / or winterizing agent	Corrosion Inhibitor	Isopropanol reacts with air or oxygen to form dangerously unstable peroxides. Contact with 2-butanone increases the rate of peroxide formation. An explosive reaction occurs when Isopropanol is heated with (aluminum isopropoxide + crotonaldehyde). Forms explosive mixtures with trinitromethane and hydrogen peroxide. Reacts with barium perchlorate to form a highly explosive compound. Ignites on contact with dioxygenyl tetrafluoroborate, chromium trioxide and potassium-tert-butoxide. Vigorous reactions occur with (hydrogen + palladium), nitroform, oleum, COCl2, aluminum triisopropoxide and oxidizing agents. Reacts explosively with phosgene in the presence of iron salts. Incompatible with acids, acid anhydrides, halogens and aluminum . Isopropanol can react with PCl3, forming toxic HCl gas. Read More
Methanol	000067-56-1	Product stabilizer and / or winterizing agent	Corrosion Inhibitor	Methanol reacts violently with acetyl bromide [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Mixtures with concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions. Reacts with hypochlorous acid either in water solution or mixed water/carbon tetrachloride solution to give methyl hypochlorite, which decomposes in the cold and may explode on exposure to sunlight or heat. Gives the same product with chlorine. Can react explosively with isocyanates under basic conditions. The presence of an inert solvent mitigates this reaction [Wischmeyer 1969]. A violent exothermic reaction occurred between methyl alcohol and bromine in a mixing cylinder [MCA Case History 1863. 1972]. A flask of anhydrous lead perchlorate dissolved in Methanol exploded when Methanol was disturbed [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 52:2391. 1930]. P4O6 reacts violently with Methanol. (Thorpe, T. E. et al., J. Chem. Soc., 1890, 57, 569-573). Ethanol or Methanol can ignite on contact with a platinum-black catalyst. Read More
Formic Acid	000064-18-6	Prevents the corrosion of the pipe	Corrosion Inhibitor	Substances to be avoided include strong bases, strong oxidizing agents and powdered metals, furfuryl alcohol. Combustible. Hygroscopic. Pressure may build up in tightly closed bottles, so bottles should be opened carefully and vented periodically. Read More
Acetaldehyde	000075-07-0	Prevents the corrosion of the pipe	Corrosion Inhibitor	Stable, but air sensitive. Substances to be avoided include strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, reducing agents, alkalies, halogens, halogen oxides. Highly flammable. Vapour/air mixtures explosive over a very wide concentration range. May form peroxides in storage. Read More

Petroleum Distillate	064741-85-1	Carrier fluid for borate or zirconate crosslinker	Crosslinker	Raffinates (petroleum), sorption process. Read More Obtained by removal of normal paraffins in a selective adsorption process and consisting of mainly branched chain and cyclic hydrocarbons with carbon numbers of C5 through C25 and boiling range of 35 deg C to 400 deg C. Read More
Hydrotreated Light Petroleum Distillate	064742-47-8	Carrier fluid for borate or zirconate crosslinker	Crosslinker	Chemical Name:JP-TS AVIATION FUEL. Read More Conosol;460 SOLVENT;Einecs 265-149-8;hydrotreatedlight;JP-TS AVIATION FUEL;hydrotreatedkerosene;Distillates,petroleum;MineralSpiritsLowAromatic;Hydrotreated light distillate;kerosene(petroleum),hydrotreated. Read More
Potassium Metaborate	013709-94-9	Maintains fluid viscosity as temperature increases	Crosslinker	Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. Read More and Here
Triethanolamine Zirconate	101033-44-7	Maintains fluid viscosity as temperature increases	Crosslinker	TETRAKIS(TRIETHANOLAMINATO)ZIRCONIUM(IV). Read More
Sodium Tetraborate	001303-96-4	Maintains fluid viscosity as temperature increases	Crosslinker	Synonyms Borax Borax decahydrate Sodium pyroborate decahydrate Sodium tetraborate decahydrate Incompatible with Strong oxidizing agents, strong acids. Read More and Here
Boric Acid	001333-73-9	Maintains fluid viscosity as temperature increases	Crosslinker	Boric acid, sodium salt. Read More Boric acid is an effective insecticide, by acting as a stomach poison in insects. Read More
Zirconium Complex	113184-20-6	Maintains fluid viscosity as temperature increases	Crosslinker	Zirconium, hydroxy lactate sodium complexes. Read More
Borate Salts	N/A	Maintains fluid viscosity as temperature increases	Crosslinker	Used in laundry detergents, hand soaps and cosmetics. Also used as ant poison. Read More