Geometry has a new form. Meet the skutoid

Our world is shaped by elegant shapes such as squares, rectangles, spheres, prisms and many others, but sometimes these shapes do not fit the demands of nature.
Sometimes a "skutoid" is needed.

This new form of mathematics, but not about nature, is the form that a group of cells in the body so that they stay tight and efficiently packed into curves (curves) of the organs. This study was published on July 27 in "Nature Communications". Cells called epithelial cells wear most of the animal organisms including the skin, other organs and blood vessels.

These cells are described in biology books as columns or columns or having a form of prism - two page pairs and a series of parallelograms. Sometimes they are also described as bottles of a prism called "frustrum" (trunk of a cone or pyramid after the tip of the tip is cut).

Using computer modeling a group of scientists found that epithelial cells can take a new form, previously unknown by mathematicians when they need to be packed together and glued to form organs of bending. Scientists have called this form "skutoid" from a triangular part of the beetroot form called scutellum.

The scooter itself looks like a bent prism with 5 sides easily snapped and a corner cut. Subsequent research confirmed the presence of a new form in epithelial glands of saliva glands and embryos in fruit flies. Packaged in scaunoids, cells minimize the use of their energy and maximize their position when packed.

Discovering this math so elegant in nature engineers can provide new models inspired by subtle human tissues. If artificial intelligence is required, intelligence can help build scaffolds to encourage these types of cellular packaging that imitate the way that nature develops tissues - says co-author Javier Buceta, a professor at the Department of Bioengineering at Lehigh University, Pennsylvania. The results have surprised the seekers. "Man normally does not have the ability to name a new form," Buceta said in a statement.

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