PCOS, or polycystic ovarian syndrome, is a hormonal imbalance that affects reproductive-age women states the Best Gynecologist in Nashik.
The woman's ovaries may expand and create multiple harmless fluid-filled sacs as a result of this illness (follicles).
These follicles are underdeveloped sacs. They are responsible to develop eggs. However, when you have PCOS, they don’t release mature eggs.
Common symptoms of PCOS
PCOS has become increasingly frequent in recent years, affecting a large number of women. However, the symptoms are easily treatable. But some women may not experience any of them. This leads to an undiscovered condition.
Additionally, if a person is overweight or obese, the symptoms of PCOS can worsen.
Here are some PCOS symptoms to look out for:
Excess male hormones or androgen that can cause hirsutism (hair growth on the face, back, chest, or buttocks) Irregular periods or no periods at all Excessive pain during periods accompanied by heavy flow Excess male hormones or androgen that can cause hirsutism (hair growth on the face, back, chest, or buttocks)
Skin that is oily and prone to outbreaks, such as acne
Hair thinning or hair loss
Excessive weight gain is a condition that occurs when a person gains an excessive amount of weight
Having a difficult time conceiving
Pelvic pain is a common ailment
Anxiety and depression
How to Deal with PCOS?
While PCOS cannot be completely cured, the symptoms can be managed and even helped in the pregnancy process states the experts from the Best Gynecology Hospital in Nashik
. Understanding the origins of PCOS is critical to understanding how to manage the condition.
PCOS is caused by an excess of the male hormone androgen, which can also be triggered by an excess of insulin (the hormone that regulates blood sugar levels). Many women with PCOS are insulin resistant, which means their bodies produce more of the hormone, exacerbating the problem. PCOS is a genetic condition that worsens with weight gain. The following are some strategies for dealing with PCOS:
Eating a nutritious and well-balanced diet
Getting in Shape
Smoking cessation or complete cessation
Hormonal drugs that assist regulate hormone levels (such as birth control tablets)
Laparoscopic ovarian drilling is a straightforward surgical treatment that destroys the structures that create male hormones like testosterones using heat or laser.
Challenges in Diagnosis
Despite the fact that the diagnostic criteria for the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have become less severe over time, determining the minimum diagnostic features in adolescents remains a source of debate. Many of the symptoms thought to be diagnostic for PCOS may evolve over time and change throughout the first few years after menarche, which is cause for concern. Attempts to identify young women who may be at risk for developing PCOS are important, however, because associated morbidity like obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia may benefit from early intervention.
In teens, there is no evidence of hyperandrogenemia, hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, acne, or alopecia), or ovarian abnormalities on ultrasonography. Some argue that even if the tightest criteria were used, a diagnosis of PCOS in adolescents under the age of 18 would be invalid. Furthermore, research does not necessarily support the notion that failing to treat PCOS in younger teenagers will result in negative consequences as symptoms associated with PCOS often improve over time say the experts from the Best Gynecology Hospital in Nashik.
Morphology of the Ovarian Organ
PCOM has defined as 12 or more follicles of 2 to 9 mm or ovarian volume > 10 cm3 in at least one ovary in both the AES-PCOS and Rotterdam diagnostic criteria for PCOS.
5 Dewily et al. have proposed that the previous criteria of more than 12 follicles per ovary may be too low and that a count of 19 follicles would be required for a more accurate diagnosis.
99 Transvaginal ultrasounds are the usual imaging tool for evaluating ovarian morphology in adults, although it is not suited for use in virgins in younger patients, transabdominal ultrasound (TA-US) is frequently utilized instead. Because polycystic ovaries are frequent in healthy teenagers, using PCOM as a diagnostic criterion for PCOS in adolescents is challenging.
Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity, and Insulin Resistance
Insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), dyslipidemia, and the Mets are all linked to PCOS.2,4,106 There is evidence that metabolic abnormalities in women with PCOS start as early as puberty. Although metabolic characteristics are not part of the PCOS diagnostic criteria, they are crucial to evaluate in teenagers because of their long-term health implications. The biochemical processes underlying the connections between hyperandrogenism, obesity, and insulin resistance in PCOS remain unknown at this time. Obesity is frequent in PCOS patients, both adults, and adolescents. It's unknown whether PCOS causes obesity in women or whether obesity causes PCOS to worsen. 107 Obesity is common in people with PCOS, according to several studies. according to Glueck et al, 73 percent of adolescents with PCOS had a BMI that is higher than the 95th percentile.
Hyperandrogenism
The Rotterdam criteria recognize a phenotype of PCOS without androgen excess, whereas the NIH and AES criteria both need clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism for the diagnosis of PCOS in adults.
1,5,6 Given PCOS's known link to metabolic abnormalities, this trait is extremely essential. 21,29,35 Hyperandrogenism is difficult to define in teenagers due to the natural surge in androgens that occurs during puberty.
Furthermore, there is still no agreement on the best assay or reference values for detecting hyperandrog.
Contraceptives used orally
Given that the objective for any adolescent with PCOS is to regulate menstruation and reduce hyperandrogenemia symptoms, OCs can be the first line of medical treatment for most adolescents (55, 56), particularly those with hirsutism (56). A recent meta-analysis by the researchers found that OCs can enhance biochemical and clinical HA in PCOS patients. Despite the fact that different items have essentially Patients' hormonal profiles were identical, OCs containing Cyproterone Acetate (CPA) had a greater effect on hirsutism (57). In general, OCs, whether antiandrogens or not, can be taken safely if the typical contraindications to administration are followed. In PCOS, worsening glucose metabolism and lipid profiles with OCs is a major concern for long-term metabolic and cardiovascular implications (58); OCs with less androgenic progestin are preferable, with identical features, anemia in this age.
Management
Medications for PCOS management
To treat PCOS symptoms, a variety of medical treatments are available.
Symptoms include irregular periods, reproductive issues, excess hair, acne, and excess weight can be treated with a variety of medicines, including
Insulin-sensitizing medications, such as metformin hormones known as gonadotrophins.
contraceptive pill.
Medications that reduce testosterone
Weight-loss medications antidepressants
Using natural and complementary therapy to treat PCOS
In Australia, more than 70% of women with PCOS use natural and alternative therapies to help them improve one or more aspects of their health.
According to studies, women with PCOS most typically use these therapies to enhance their overall health as well as to cure infertility and depression. Supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and fish oils, as well as herbal medicine in the form of teas, tablets, or liquid, are the most often utilized natural medicines.
Natural and complementary therapies' treatments and solutions are frequently based on the woman's primary concern (s). Treatment for excessive hair growth, for example, may differ from treatment for improving fertility.
When it comes to PCOS management, it's important to:
• Assist you in making decisions, and seek accurate health information from reputable sources.
• Treat PCOS physical symptoms.
• Consult your doctor about your mood and psychological well-being.
• Enhance your way of life.
• Seek the highest-quality health care you can.
• Prioritize your needs.
Conclusion
PCOS is one of the most frequent illnesses that women of reproductive age suffer from. It is a syndrome with several components, including reproductive, metabolic, and cardiovascular issues, as well as long-term health issues that affect people throughout their lives. Insulin resistance appears to be at the root of many of the clinical signs of PCOS, despite the fact that it is poorly understood. Insulin resistance is even linked to problems such as glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes, and lipid problems. The goal of this treatment is to reduce androgen-related symptoms, protect the endometrium, and lower the long-term risks of diabetes and cardiovascular problems.
Many presenting ailments and lifestyle difficulties, such as menstruation abnormalities, can be assessed and hirsutism and obesity, both of which are linked to PCOS. More difficult issues such as Infertility and insulin resistance may be managed by the nurse-midwife in cooperation with a gynecologist or endocrinologist. It is critical that we take action to avert the syndrome's far-reaching repercussions managed by nurse-midwives.