The fetus is not a parasite it depends on the mother's nutrient intake to meet its nutritional needs. Periods if growth and development of the fetal organ and tissues occur throughout pregnancy therefore essential nutrients must be available in required amount during these times for fetal growth and development to proceed optimally.
Well nourished women will generally have a adequate reserves of nutrient which can maintain delivery of most substrates to the fetal tissues, even if their intakes are compromised in the short to medium term. This is because the delivery of nutrient depends on maternal intake, material store and the placental exchange
Animal experiment show that under nutrition in utero lead to persistent change in blood pressure, cholesterol metabolism, insulin response to glucose and obesity.
The immediate response of a fetus to undernutrition is to break down its own substrates to provide energy. More prolong under nutrition leads to growth retardation
Slowing of growth in late gestation leads to disproportion in organs size.
IMPORTANCE OF BALANCED NUTRITION
- Optimizes maternal health
- Reduces risk of birth defects
- reduces sub optimal fetal development
- Reduces chronic health problems in the fulture
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